International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Exploring Waqf Giving Behaviors Through the Theory of Planned Behaviors

Open access

Mohd Ali Muhamad Don, Mohd Rilizam Rosli, Noor Hanim Rahmat, Ahmad Che Yaacob, Mas Nooraini Hj Mohiddin

Pages 824-840 Received: 17 Aug, 2023 Revised: 19 Sep, 2023 Published Online: 21 Oct, 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v13-i10/8147
Waqf is an Arabic word meaning assets that are donated, bequeathed, or purchased for general or specific charitable causes that are socially beneficial. It is a permanent donation and cannot be donated as a gift, inherited, or sold. Waqf is also a philanthropic deed in perpetuity that involves donating a fixed asset that can produce a financial return. Furthermore, Muslims give waqf for the purpose of education, cemetery land, building a mosque, or cash waqf with no intention of reclaiming the value gained from them. The objective of this research is to determine the background of participants that related to giving waqf, to identify the attitude toward waqf giving, to perceive behavioral norms influence waqf giving, to know subjective norms that influence waqf giving, and to recognize the intention that influences waqf giving. The quantitative method is used to collect the data and SPSS software is used to analyze the data and report the findings. The survey comprised twelve sections and was successfully distributed to 143 respondents from selected countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei via a Google Form. According to this survey, many respondents are aware that cash waqf is part of waqf giving as well as many respondents are willing to donate to cash waqf in the future. So, cash waqf has the potential to be a primary source of waqf giving in the future that can be used to contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1; No Poverty and Goal 4; Quality Education.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Abello, D., Alonso-Tapia, J., & Panadero, E. (2021). Classroom Motivational Climate in Higher Education: Validation of a Model for Assessment. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 685-702. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1291017
Boenigk, S., & Mayr, M. L. (2016). The happiness of giving: Evidence from the German socioeconomic panel that happier people are more generous. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 1825-1846. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=The+Happiness+of+Giving%3A+Evidence+from+the+German+Socioeconomic+Panel+That+Happier+People+Are+More+Generous&btnG=
Andreoni, J., Brown, E., & Rischall, I. (2000). Charitable Giving by Married Couples: Who Decides and Why Does it Matter? (No. 2000-44). Claremont Colleges Working Papers in Economics. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2b2682928b51d12f8951447ddc9e9a8916246c52
Justine, N. I. B., & Abd Jalil, M. I. (2022). REPEATED GIVING OF CASH WAQF: A CASE STUDY OF SABAH, MALAYSIA. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 8, 107-124. http://www.jimf-bi.org/index.php/JIMF/article/view/1448
Shukor, S. A., Anwar, I. F., Sabri, H., Aziz, S. A., & Ariffin, A. R. M. (2016). Giving behavior: who donates cash waqf? Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics (MAJCAFE). Retrieved from https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2048/1/Giving%20Behaviour-Who%20Donates%20Cash%20Waqf.pdf
Qurrata, V. A., Seprillina, L., Narmaditya, B. S., & Hussain, N. E. (2020). Media promotion, Islamic religiosity, and Muslim community perception towards charitable giving of cash waqf. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 13(3), 296-305. Retrieved from https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJMEF.2020.108825
Yusroni, N., & Chadhiq, U. (2021). Understanding the impact of zakat and waqf as economic development of the community in rural areas. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 8(6), 639-647. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eb0b/af5fa0e699c69789afe531ceec831d12efcb.pdf
Azizi, S. M. H, Sabri, S. A & Takril, N. F (2017). Faktor-Faktor Mempengaruhi Sumbangan Wakaf Tunai di KUIS: Proceeding of the 4th Intenational Conference On Management anf Muamalah 2017.
Mokthar, M. Z., & Bahari, Z. (2022). Factors Influencing the Intention of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Muslim Staff to Perform Cash Waqf. Retrieved from https://knowledgewords.com/images/factors-influencing-the-intention-of-universiti-sains-malaysia-usm-muslim-stafs-to-perform-cash-waqf.pdf
Jalil, M. I. A. (2020). Issues and Challenges of Waqf Practice in Malaysia: A Review. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat And Society (LJMS), 14, 80-86.
Hasan, R., Hassan, M. K., & Rashid, M. (2019). The Role of Waqf in Educational development-evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Finance, 8(1), 001-007.
Abd Mutalib, H., & Maamor, S. (2018). Investigating issues and challenges in utilizing waqf property. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 4(4.19), 158-160.
Arshad, M. N. M., & Haneef, M. A. M. (2016). Third sector socio-economic models: how waqf fits in? Institutions and Economies, 75-93.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. (2012). al-Mausu’ah al-Fiqh al-Islami Wa al-Qadhaya al-Mu’asirah. Damsyiq: Dar al-Fikr.
Triayudha, A., Pramitasary, R. N., Anas, H. A., & Mahfud, C. (2019). Relations between mosque and social history of Islamic education. HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika, 16(1), 142-153.
Ismail, N.A., Razak, A.A., Muhammad, F (2015) Amalan Wakaf Dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Islam Di Kota Bharu Kelantan: Labuan e-Journal of Muamalat and Society, Vol.9,2015, pp.14-25.
Kamaruddin, M., Hanefah, M., & Masruki, R. (2022). Challenges and prospects in waqf reporting practices in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting.
Kusumaningtias, R. (2019). The Role of Waqf in Social Development. KnE Social Sciences, 348-352.
Lee, U. H. M., Azizi, A. R. A., & Isa, A. M (2020) Understanding and Behavior of Society to The Practice of Islamic Philanthropy During COVID-19 Pandemics: Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), Volume 5, Issue 12, (page 1-15), 2020.
Noor, A. M., Ghazali, A. Z., & Rani, M. A (2014) Pengurusan dan Pembangunan Harta Wakaf di Negeri Kedah Darul Aman: International Conference on Masjid, Zakat and Waqf (I-MAF 2014). Kuala Lumpur.
Omar, I (2020). Pelan Induk Wakaf Nasional Urus Aset Lebih Sistematik. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/lain-lain/2020/11/752375/pelan-induk-wakaf-nasionalurus-aset-lebih-sistematik.
Saufi, S., Mohamed, N.A., Saleh, M., Ghani, H.A., & Noor, S (2021a) A Study on Community’s Beleifs in Waqf Management Institution in Malaysia: RABBANICA Vol. 2, No.2 (November 2021).
Shahriar, S. M., Alam, M. M., Said, J., & Monzur-E-Elahi, M. (2019). Waqf is a Tool for Rendering Social Welfare Services in the Social Entrepreneurship Context.
Sukmana, R., Ratnasari, R. T., & Widiastuti, T. (2022). Issues and challenges of waqf in providing healthcare resources. Islamic Economic Studies, (ahead-of-print).
Amin, H., Rahim, A., Ramayah, T., & Supinah, R. (2014). Determinants of Online Waqf Acceptance: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 60(8), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2014. tb00429.x
Osman, A. F., & Muhammed, M. O. (2017). Measuring a cash waqf giving behavior among Muslim donor in Malaysia: A theory of planned behavior approach using structural equation modeling. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 39-63.
Aldeen, K. N., Ratih, I. S., & Pertiwi, R. S. (2021). Cash waqf from the millennials' perspective: a case of Indonesia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance.
Rahmat, N.H. (2018) Educational Psychology Tool: A Tool for Language Research. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 4(2), pp 655-688. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.655668
Saufi, S., Mohamed, N. A., Saleh, M., Abdul Ghani, H., & Noor, S. (2021b). HUBUNGAN TAHAP KEFAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP SUMBANGAN WAKAF DENGAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP INSTITUSI PENGURUSAN WAKAF DI MALAYSIA. International Journal of Mosque, Zakat And Waqaf Management (Al-Mimbar), 1(2), 50-60. Retrieved from http://almimbar.kuis.edu.my/index.php/almimbar/article/view/24
Muhaymin, A., Johar, A. H. A., Kusuma, J., Abdullah, A. I., & Azali, N. H. (2018). Does knowledge and benefits of WAQF influence perception towards WAQF. In Conference: 11th International Conference Islamic In Borneo 2018 (pp. 21-25). Retrieved from https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/9816/the-influence-of-promotion-and-waqf-knowledge-toward-cash-waqf-awareness-in-pahang-region.pdf
Bidin, Othman & Azman (2013) Zakat compliance intention behavior on saving among Universiti Utara Malaysia’s staff. Proceeding of the International Conference on Social Science Research, ICSSR
Jusoh, A.T., Hamid, M.A & Wahab, S (2021) An Empirical Study of the Influence of Planned Behavior Theory on Intention to Make a Hibah: Jurnal Dunia Pengurusan e-ISSN: 2682-8251 | Vol. 3, No. 4, 20-31, 2021 http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpg
Said, N. M & Hasan, Z. A (2020) Attitudes And Its Influences Towards Hibah Giving Behavior : Volume: 4 Issues: 27 [December 2019] pp.1-7] Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED).
Wahab, A. A & Borhan, J.T (2015) Kepatuhan Zakat Oleh Syarikat Tersenarai Awam Di Malaysia: Vol. 12/No 2.2015: Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research (JMIFR).
Moktar, M.A (2018), Pengaruh Niat Terhadap Tingkah Laku Berwakaf Tunai Dalam Kalangan Muslim Di Pulau Pinang : Universiti Sains Malaysia. http://eprints.usm.my/47929/1/MOHAMMAD%20ZULFAKHAIRI%20BIN%20MOKTHAR-%20PENGARUH%20NIAT%20TERHADAP%20TINGKAH%20LAKU.pdf
Saad, R. A. J., Bidin, Z., Idris, K. M. & Hussain, M. H. M (2010) Factors that Influenced the Business Zakah Compliance Behaviour : Jurnal Pengurusan 30 (2010) 49-61.