Safety and reliability are the main challenges for the oil and gas industry, especially in pipeline monitoring. An example of a recent accidents is the 2022 Lawas gas pipeline explosion, which raised more attention toward keeping advanced monitoring and control. These incidents create great importance for using WSN in real-time monitoring within industrial processes that present hazardous conditions. However, congestion, latency, and existing routing protocols' inefficiencies afflict these, hence limiting the effectiveness of WSNs in pipeline monitoring. It proposes the DSDVTRI protocol, an enhancement of the DSDV routing protocol, as a means by which these challenges could be improved through a mechanism of triple interleaving. The DSDVTRI protocol splits network traffic into three distinct paths which are ? (alpha), ? (beta), and ? (delta) significantly reducing congestion by distributing the load evenly. Unlike traditional routing protocols that use a single path, this approach enhances throughput, delivery ratio, and fairness index, especially in multi-hop linear networks commonly used in pipeline monitoring systems. Besides that, the DSDVTRI protocol reduces latency and maximises general energy efficiency, responding to the fault tolerance challenge regarding WSN deployments in large-scale applications. From the simulation and comparative analysis of AODV and DSDV, the DSDVTRI protocol performs better across the key metrics, thus making it a reliable solution for ensuring pipeline systems' safety and operational efficiency in the oil and gas industry.
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