International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Factors Influencing Backpackers’ Revisit Intention: The Case of Stadhuys and A’Famosa in Melaka

Open access

Fadhilah Zainal Abidin, Nurzikri Shahril, Nurnabil Fikri Zulkafly, Nurul Nazirah Ilyana Rozi

Pages 2937-2963 Received: 19 Nov, 2023 Revised: 22 Dec, 2023 Published Online: 25 Jan, 2024

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v14-i1/9597
This study examines the factors influencing backpackers’ revisit intention, in the case of Stadhuys and A’Famosa, Melaka. Backpackers are independent travelers who appreciate conserving money, taking longer holidays, having more control over their schedules, meeting locals, and partaking in both group and individual activities while away from home. For certain individuals, backpacker is closely related with revisiting or returning to the place within an anticipated time of 6 months or longer. A sample of 80 backpackers’ data had been collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The study area had been conducted in popular Heritage Sites in Melaka which are Stadhuys and A’Famosa. As popular tourist spots, Stadhuys and A'Famosa attract backpackers from various backgrounds and nationalities. This study is a non-probability sampling which used convenient and judgmental sampling techniques. Results indicate that memorable tourism experience is the most critical factor in determining a backpacker's desire to revisit a destination. Interestingly, the relationship between authenticity experience and revisit intention is rejected. This is due to the backpackers did not feel the authenticity of the buildings is the major factor they will return. Additionally, the finding showed weak linear link exists between Memorable Tourism Experience, Authenticity, Food Culture Experience, Backpackers Friendly Environment, and Revisit Intention. Recognizing these factors enables tourism providers and destination management organizations to enhance their offerings and cater to the preferences of backpackers, ensuring the continued success of backpacker-oriented tourism.
Abbasi, G. A., Kumaravelu, J., Goh, Y.-N., & Dara Singh, K. S. (2021). Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 25(2), 282–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/sjme-12-2019-0109
Abdullah, N. S. C., & Rahman, N. H. A. (2022). Tourist satisfaction and revisit intention towards the local food heritage in Kelantan. Asian Journal of Arts, Culture and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.55057/ajact.2022.4.3.2
Abdullah, S. I. N. W., & Lui, E. (2018). Satisfaction Drivers and Revisit Intention of International Tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 3(9), 1–13.
AFamosa or Porta de Santiago Melaka. (n.d.). Malaysiavacationguidecom. https://www.malaysiavacationguide.com/a-famosa.html
Alazaizeh, M. M., Jamaliah, M. M., Mgonja, J. T., & Ababneh, A. (2019). Tour guide performance and sustainable visitor behavior at cultural heritage sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(11), 1708–1724.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1658766
Aristio, A. P., Supardi, S., Hendrawan, R. A., & Hidayat, A. A. (2019). Analysis on purchase intention of Indonesian backpacker in accommodation booking through online travel agent. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 885–893.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.196
Azizan, H. (2022). Rich in heritage. The Star.
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/focus/2022/07/03/rich-in-heritage
Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of sampling in research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5(3), 157. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_62_19
Bhat, A. (n.d.). Surveys: What they are, characteristics & examples. QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/surveys/
Buddalerd, P. (2016). Backpacker Tourism and Cultural Heritage Tourism: Wat Thung sri muang (Ubonratchathani, Thailand). International Conference on Hospitality & Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.17501/icoht.2016.4110
Chen, G.-H., & Huang, S. (Sam). (2019). Backpacker tourism: A perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 158–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2019-0271
Cho, H. (2021). How nostalgia forges place attachment and revisit intention: A moderated mediation model. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 39(6), 856–870. https://doi.org/10.1108/mip-01-2021-0012
Darda, Md. A., & Bhuiyan, Md. A. (2022). A structural equation model (SEM) for the socio-economic impacts of ecotourism development in Malaysia. PLOS ONE, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273294
Deng, L., Xu, D. P., Ye, Q., & Sun, W. (2022). Food Culture and Online Rating Behavior. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 52, 101128. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Elerap.2022.101128
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2022, August 16). World Heritage Site. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Heritage-site
Ertan, T., & E?ercio?lu, Y. (2016). The impact of UNESCO World Heritage List on historic urban city centers and its place in urban regeneration: The case of Melaka, Malaysia and tire, Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.031
Fleetwood, D. (2021, July 5). Convenience sampling: Definition, advantages and examples. QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/convenience-sampling
FZE, B. B. (2023, March 21). Research onion - explanation of the concept. UKEssays. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/psychology/explanation-of-the-concept-of-research-onion-psychology-essay.php
Haji Guliling, H., & Abdul Aziz, Y. (2018). Historical Service Quality Assessment of Malaysia’s World Heritage Site. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14428
Harland. (n.d.). How to do A quantitative research questionnaire. Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/how-to-do- a-quantitative-research-questionnaire-12748929.html
Hertzman, E., Anderson, D., & Rowley, S. (2008). Edutainment Heritage Tourist Attractions: A portrait of visitors’ experiences at Storyeum. Museum Management and Curatorship, 23(2), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647770802012227
Hosseini, S., Cortes Macias, R., & Almeida Garcia, F. (2021). Memorable tourism experience research: A systematic review of the literature. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(3), 465–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1922206
Hsu, J. L., Wang, T. C.-T., & Huang, P. Y.-H. (2014). Motivations for first-time and repeat backpackers in Shanghai. Tourism Management Perspectives, 12, 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.08.001
Ismail, N., Masron, T., & Ahmad, A. (2014). Cultural Heritage Tourism in Malaysia: Issues and challenges. SHS Web of Conferences, 12, 01059.
https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20141201059
Izani, M., Bridges, A., Razak, A., Calder, B., & Grant, M. (2010, October). Digital preservation of a famosa fortress in malaysia. In Proceedings of the second workshop on eHeritage and digital art preservation (pp. 7-12).
Jamaludin, I. S., Seow, T. W., Mat Radzuan, I. S., Mohamed, S., & Abas, M. A. (2021). Conserving living heritage site in Portuguese settlement, Melaka World Heritage Site: Issues and Conservation Elements. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 842(1), 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/842/1/012056
Jani, M. H., Sumrahadi, A., & Mohamad, B. (2018). The role of newspaper and State Government in Conservation of World Heritage Site in Malaysia. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 8(1), 212. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12780
Johnes, J., & Mapjabil, J. (2020). The circuit pattern of backpacker tourism in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 5(21), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.35631/jthem.5210015
Khoshkam, M., Marzuki, A., Nunkoo, R., Pirmohammadzadeh, A., & Kiumarsi, S. (2022). The impact of food culture on patronage intention of visitors: The mediating role of satisfaction. British Food Journal, 125(2), 469–499. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2020-1165
Mariani, M. M., & Guizzardi, A. (2019). Does designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site Influence Tourist Evaluation of a local destination? Journal of Travel Research, 59(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518821737
MC Editorial Team. (2013, March 22). Fort A Famosa - A historical fortress in Melaka/Malacca - MALAYSIA CENTRAL (ID). MALAYSIA CENTRAL (ID).
http://www.malaysiacentral.com/information-directory/fort-a-famosa-a-historical-fortress-in-melakamalacca/
Khairi, M. N. D., Ismail, H. N., & Syed Jaafar, S. M. (2018). Tourist behaviour through consumption in Melaka World Heritage Site. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(5), 582–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1491534
Memon, M. A., Ting, H., Cheah, J.-H., Thurasamy, R., Chuah, F., & Cham, T. H. (2020). Sample Size for Survey Research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 4(2), i–xx. https://doi.org/10.47263/jasem.4(2)01
Nguyen Viet, B., Dang, H. P., & Nguyen, H. H. (2020). Revisit intention and satisfaction: The role of destination image, perceived risk, and cultural contact. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1796249. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1796249
Nikolopoulou, K. (2023, June 22). What is non-probability sampling? Types & examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/non-probability-sampling/
Omar, H. (2013). The development of Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism in Malaysia: Implication for Planning and Management. University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Park, E., Choi, B.-K., & Lee, T. J. (2019). The role and dimensions of authenticity in heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 74, 99–109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.03.001
Peng, J., Yang, X., Fu, S., & Huan, T.-C. (T. C.). (2022). Exploring the influence of tourists’ happiness on revisit intention in the context of traditional Chinese Medicine Cultural Tourism. Tourism Management, 94, 104647.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104647
Quantilope. (2022). How to determine sample size for quantitative research. quantilope I The Consumer Intelligence Platform for Consumer Research.
https://www.quantilope.com/resources/glossary-how-to-determine-sample-size-for-quantitative-research
Rafidee Bin Hasbollah, H., & Baldry, D. (2014). Conserving cultural values of heritage buildings from the Facilities Management Perspective in Malaysia. Journal of Facilities Management, 12(2), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfm-06-2013-0031
Rahman, M. M. (2023). Sample Size Determination for Survey Research and Non-Probability Sampling Techniques: A Review and Set of Recommendations. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 11(1), 42-62.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Seyfi, S., Hall, C. M., & Hatamifar, P. (2021). Understanding memorable tourism experiences and behavioural intentions of Heritage Tourists. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 100621.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100621
Refaeli, T., Weiss-Dagan, S., Levy, D., & Itzhaky, H. (2022). “We are young, we run free”: Predicting factors of life satisfaction among young backpackers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1429.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031429
Richards, G. (2003). What is cultural tourism? https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Greg-Richards-2/publication/324031354_What_is_Cultural_Tourism/links/5aba259aaca272aac4c772b6/What-is-Cultural-Tourism.pdf
RichesResources. (2014). Tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Riches Resources. https://resources.riches-project.eu/glossary/tangible-and-intangible-cultural-heritage/
S, S. (2018). Difference between qualitative and quantitative research (with comparison chart). Key Differences. https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-qualitative-and-quantitative-research.html
Saydam, M. B., Ozturen, A., & Kilic, C. (2022). Cultural Heritage Tourism in North Cyprus: Findings from in-depth interviews with experts. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(4), 349–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/whatt-03-2022-0035
Saylord. (n.d.). Chapter 8 survey research: A quantitative technique. Survey Research: A Quantitative Technique. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-sociological-inquiry-qualitative-and-quantitative-methods/s11-survey-research-a-quantitative.html
Sijtsma, K., & Pfadt, J. M. (2021). Part II: On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha: Discussing lower bounds and correlated errors. Psychometrika, 86(4), 843–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-021-09789-8
Sroypetch, S., Carr, N., & Duncan, T. (2016). Host and backpacker perceptions of environmental impacts of backpacker tourism: A case study of the yasawa islands, Fiji. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 18(2), 203–213.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358416636932
Stratton, S. J. (2021). Population research: Convenience sampling strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(4), 373–374. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21000649
Su, D. N., Nguyen, N. A., Nguyen, Q. N., & Tran, T. P. (2020). The link between travel motivation and satisfaction towards a heritage destination: The role of visitor engagement, visitor experience and Heritage Destination Image. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100634
Sundram, V. P. K., Rajagopal, P., Bahrin, A. S., Mohd, R., Sayuti, N. M., & Othman, A. A. (2022). Research Methodology: Tools, Methods and Techniques. MLSCA Asian Academy.
Thong, J.-Z., Lo, M.-C., Mohamad, A. A., & Lim, J. (2020). Culture, carrying capacity and perceived value on tourists’ satisfaction and revisit intention. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.49
Tiwari, A. V., Bajpai, N., Singh, D., & Vyas, V. (2021). Antecedents of hedonism affecting memorable tourism experience (MTE) leading to revisit intention in tourists. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(3), 588–602. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-03-2021-0043
Toxward, S. J. (1999). Backpackers’ expectations and satisfactions: A case study of northland, New Zealand.
VisitMalaysia. (n.d.). Attractions in Malaysia. Stadthuys | Dutch Square (Red Square) Malacca - Malaysia Tourist & Travel Guide. http://malacca.attractionsinmalaysia.com/The-Stadthuys.php
W?odarczyk, B. et al. (2022). Individual Low-Cost Travel as a Route to Tourism Sustainability. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su141710514
Yan, N., & Halpenny, E. (2019). The role of cultural difference and travel motivation in event participation. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(2), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-05-2018-0033
Yazdani Mehr, S., & Wilkinson, S. (2020). The importance of place and authenticity in adaptive reuse of Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(5), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-01-2020-0005
Yusof, N. M., Ah Choy, E., Halim, U., Halimin, N. M., Othman, M. Z., Tambi, N., & Mohd. Nawi, N. F. (2021). Heritage tourism and its impact on the local communities: A case study in Ranau, sabah. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/8260
Zhang, J., Tucker, H., Morrison, A. M., & Wu, B. (2017). Becoming a backpacker in China: A grounded theory approach to identity construction of backpackers. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.03.004
Zhang, T., Wei, C., & Nie, L. (2022). Experiencing authenticity to environmentally responsible behavior: Assessing the effects of perceived value, tourist emotion, and recollection on Industrial Heritage Tourism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1081464
Zhou, G., Chen, W., & Wu, Y. (2022). Research on the effect of authenticity on revisit intention in Heritage Tourism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883380