International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Virtual Leadership and Teacher’s Work Wellbeing: The Mediating Roles of Technostress

Open access
This study aims to assess the technostress as mediators in the relationship between virtual leadership and teacher’s work wellbeing among primary school teachers in Sabah. This quantitative study involved 427 respondents among primary school teachers in Sabah. Analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in IBM-SPSS-AMOS 24.0 software. This study found that technostress is a mediator in the relationship between virtual leadership and teacher’s work wellbeing among teachers in Sabah. The findings of the study also found that all the direct and indirect paths are significant. It can be concluded that the type of mediation that occurs in this model is partial mediation. The study's findings can help policymakers improve the national education system by providing a clearer direction.
Abdul-Rahim, R., Bohari, S.A., Aman, A., Awang, Z (2022). Benefit-Risk Perceptions of FinTech Adoption for Sustainability from Bank Consumers’ Perspective: The Moderating Role of Fear of COVID-19. Sustainability 2022, 14, https://doi.org/10.3390.
Abdulaziz, A., & Noman, M. (2021). Principal ’ s learning-centred leadership practices and teacher ’ s wellbeing?: a self-determination theory perspective.
Aelterman, A., Engels, N., Van Petegem, K., & Verhaeghe, J. P. (2007). The well-being of teachers in Flanders: The importance of a supportive school culture. Educational Studies, 33(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690701423085
Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., Rashid, N., Foziah, H., & Ghazali, P. (2019). Assessing the effects of service quality on customer satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 9(1), 13-24.
Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., & Aimran, N. (2020a). An extensive comparison of CB-SEM and PLS-SEM for reliability and validity. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 4(4), 357-364.
Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., & Aimran, N. (2020b). Five Common Mistakes for Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) in Management Research. Contemporary Management Research, 16(4), 255-278.
Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., Abd Majid, N., Foziah, H., Ismail, I., Al Halbusi, H., & Tehseen, S. (2021). Gain More Insight from Common Latent Factor in Structural Equation Modeling. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1793, No. 1, p. 012030). IOP Publishing.
Afthanorhan, A., Mamun, A. A., Zainol, N. R., Foziah, H., & Awang, Z. (2020). Framing the Retirement Planning Behavior Model towards Sustainable Wellbeing among Youth: The Moderating Effect of Public Profiles. Sustainability, 12(21), 8879.
Bahtiar, A. R., Ibrahim, S., Ariffin, H., Ismail, N. H., & Wan Isa, W. M. K. (2020). Peranan dan cabaran pemimpin pendidikan dalam memastikan matlamat dan agenda pendidikan dilestari dalam tempoh perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP) Covid-19.Institut Aminuddin Baki, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
Alhumaid, K. (2019). Four Ways Technology Has Negatively Changed Education. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 9, 10 - 20. DOI:10.2478/jesr-2019-0049
Ali, A., Jolanta, K., Mahmood, K. (2022). Virtual Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies, doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.3211
Anuar, N., Muhammad, M. M., Awang, Z. (2023). Development and Validation of Critical Reading Intention Scale (CRIS) for University Students using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Asian Journal of University Education (AJUE) Volume 19, Number 1, January 2023.
Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O., & Beligiannis, G. N. (2019). Transition from educational leadership to e-leadership: A data analysis report from TEI of western Greece. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(9), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.9.13
Asnawi, A., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., Mohamad, M., & Karim, F. (2019). The influence of hospital image and service quality on patients’ satisfaction and loyalty. Management Science Letters, 9(6), 911-920.
Aryanti, R. D., Sari, E. Y. D., & Widiana, H. S. (2020). A literature review of workplace well-being. In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020) (pp. 605-609). Atlantis Press.
Atanasoff, L., & Venable, M. A. (2017). Technostress: Implications for Adults in the Workforce. Career Development Quarterly, 65(4), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12111
Avolio, B., Kahai, S., & Dodge, G. E. (2001). Leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 615–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05248-9_1
Awang, Z., Lim, S. H., and Zainudin, N. F. S. (2018). Pendekatan Mudah SEM- Structural Equation Modelling. Bandar Baru Bangi, MPWS Rich Resources.
Awang, Z. (2012). Research methodology and data analysis. Publisher Universiti Teknologi MARA Press. Malaysia.
Awang, Z. (2014). A handbook on SEM for academicians and practitioners: the step-by-step practical guides for the beginners. Bandar Baru Bangi, MPWS Rich Resources.
Awang, Z. (2015). SEM Made Simple: A Gentle Approach to Learning Structural Equation Modelling. Bandar Baru Bangi, MPWS Rich Resources.
Baharum, H., Ismail, A., Awang, Z., McKenna, L., Ibrahim, R., Mohamed, Z., & Hassan, N.H. (2023). Validating an Instrument for Measuring Newly Graduated Nurses’ Adaptation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20, 2860. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042860.
Bahkia, A. S., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., Foziah, H. (2019). Exploratory factor analysis on occupational stress in context of Malaysian sewerage operations. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2138(1). doi.org/10.1063/1.5121111.
Bahkia, A. S., Awang, Z., Rahman, A., Nawal, A., Rahlin, NA., & Afthanorhan, A. (2022). An explicit investigation of occupational stress and safety behavior on the relationships between supportive leadership and safety compliance in sewerage industry. Linguistics and Culture Review, 6(S1), 146-168. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6nS1.1987
Bartsch, S., Weber, E., Büttgen, M., & Huber, A. (2021). Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital transformation: how to lead service employees effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Service Management, 32(1), 71–85.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-05-2020-0160
Bauwens, R., Denissen, M., Van Beurden, J., & Coun, M. (2021). Can Leaders Prevent Technology From Backfiring? Empowering Leadership as a Double-Edged Sword for Technostress in Care. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(June).
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702648
Becker. J, Berger, M., Gimpel, H., Lanzl, J., Regal, C. (2020). Considering Characteristic Profiles of Technologies at the Digital Workplace : The Influence on Technostress.
Bradford, S., Bell., Kristie, Lynne, McAlpine., N., Sharon, Hill. (2022). Leading Virtually. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior, doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-050115
Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The human cost of the computer revolution. (No Title).
Collie, R. J., Shapka, J. D., Perry, N. E., & Martin, A. J. (2015). Teacher Well-being Collie, R.J., Shapka, J.D., Perry, N.E., & Martin, A.J. (2015). Teacher well-being: Exploring its components and a practice-oriented scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Asessment, 33(0), 744–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0734282915587990.0
Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R. (2019). The role of leadership in a digitalized world: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(AUG), 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01938
Dani, R. M., Mansor, N., Awang, Z., & Afthanorhan, A. (2022). A confirmatory factor analysis of the fraud pentagon instruments for measurement of fraud in the context of asset misappropriation in Malaysia. Journal of Social Economics Research, 9(2), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.18488/35.v9i2.3063.
Dirani, K. M., Abadi, M., Alizadeh, A., Barhate, B., Garza, R. C., Gunasekara, N., Ibrahim, G., & Majzun, Z. (2020). Leadership competencies and the essential role of human resource development in times of crisis: a response to Covid-19 pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 00(00), 380–394.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2020.1780078
Eyal, O., & Roth, G. (2011). Principals’ leadership and teachers’ motivation: Self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231111129055
Ghory, S., & Ghafory, H. (2021). The impact of modern technology in the teaching and learning process. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 4 (3) 2021, pages: 168-173. DOI: 10.53894/ijirss.v4i3.73
Gouhar, P., Fareeha, F., Aisha, M. (2022). Impact of technostress on vocational education students during online learning in pakistan. Pakistan journal of social research, doi: 10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.787
Greany, T., & Earley, P. (Eds.). (2021). School leadership and education system reform. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Gillet, N., Fouquereau, E., Forest, J., Brunault, P., & Colombat, P. (2012). The Impact of Organizational Factors on Psychological Needs and Their Relations with Well-Being. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(4), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9253-2
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. United States: Pearson Education Limited.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, 8th ed.; Pearson Prentice Hall: Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Hala, Koleilat, Al, Dilby., Panteha, Farmanesh. (2023). Exploring the impact of virtual leadership on job satisfaction in the post-COVID-19 era: The mediating role of work–life balance and trust in leaders. Frontiers in Psychology, doi:
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.994539
Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2020). COVID 19–school leadership in disruptive times. School Leadership and Management, 40(4), 243–247.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479
Hinds, P., & Kiesler, S. (1995). Communication across Boundaries: Work, Structure, and Use of Communication Technologies in a Large Organization. Organization Science, 6(4), 373–393. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.4.373
Iannotta, M., Meret, C., & Marchetti, G. (2020). Defining Leadership in Smart Working Contexts: A Concept Synthesis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(September), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.556933
Joo, Y. J., Lim, K. Y., & Kim, N. H. (2016). The effects of secondary teachers’ technostress on the intention to use technology in South Korea. Computers and Education, 95, 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.12.004
Karen, H., Sian, C., Ciaran, G., Morrison. (2022). Applying a band-aid or building a bridge: ecological factors and divergent approaches to enhancing teacher wellbeing. Cambridge Journal of Education, doi: 10.1080/0305764X.2022.2155612
Kashif, M., Awang, Z., Walsh, J., & Altaf, U. (2015). I’m loving it but hating US: understanding consumer emotions and perceived service quality of US fast food brands. British Food Journal, 117(9), 2344-2360.
Kashif, M., Samsi, S. Z. M., Awang, Z., & Mohamad, M. (2016). EXQ: measurement of healthcare experience quality in Malaysian settings: A contextualist perspective. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 10(1), 27-47.
Lee, A. Y. L. (2010). Media education: Definitions, approaches and development around the globe. New Horizons in Education, 58(3), 1.
Mahfouz., S., A., Awang., Z., & Muda., H. (2019). The impact of transformational leadership on employee commitment in the construction industry. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(10), 151-167.
Majid, N. A., Zainol, F. A., Daud, W. N. W., & Afthanorhan, A. (2019). Cooperative Entrepreneurship in Malaysian Secondary Schools: A Review of Current Practices. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(3), 812-818.
https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.812.818
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2012). Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
Ministry of Education Malaysia (2019). Ringkasan Eksekutif Pelan Transformasi ICT Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia 2019-2023.
Muda, H., Loganathan, N., Awang, Z., Jusoh, H., & Baba, Z.S. (2018). Application of Theory, Methodology and Analysis in Conducting Research. A Practical Guide to Quantitative Research and Thesis Writing, UniSZA Publisher, ISBN: 978-967-2231-11-0
Muda, H., Baba, Z. S., Awang, Z., Badrul, N. S., Loganathan, N., & Ali, M. H. (2020). Expert review and pretesting of behavioral supervision in higher education. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.
Mohamad, M., Ali, N. A. M., and Awang, Z. (2018). The impact of life satisfaction on substance abuse: delinquency as a mediator. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. Open Access. Vol. 23, No.1, Pages 25-35.
Mohamad, M., Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., & Mohammad, M. (2019). Comparison Between CB-SEM and PLS-SEM: Testing and Confirming the Maqasid Syariah Quality of Life Measurement Model. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(3), 608-614.
Nielsen, K., & Taris, T. W. (2019). Leading well: Challenges to researching leadership in occupational health psychology–and some ways forward. Work and Stress, 33(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2019.1592263
Onyema, E. M. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Education. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(13), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/11-13-12
Pace, F., Sciotto, G., Randazzo, N. A., & Macaluso, V. (2022). Teachers’ Work-Related Well-Being in Times of COVID-19: The Effects of Technostress and Online Teaching. Social Sciences. DOI:10.3390/socsci11100453
Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2009). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 224–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jvb.2009.06.002
Pinto, M., & Leite, C. (2020). Digital technologies in support of students learning in Higher Education: literature review. Digital Education Review. DOI:10.1344/der.2020.37.343-360
Rahlin, N. A., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., & Aimran, N. (2019). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Safety Climate in Small Manufacturing Enterprises: Translation, Validation and Application of Generic Safety Climate Questionnaire. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(10).
Rahlin, N.A ., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., & Aimran, N. (2019a). The Art of Covariance Based Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Evidence from SME’S. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 5(2), Special Edition.
Rahlin, N. A., Bahkia, A. S., Awang, Z., Razak, R. A., Idris, S. (2021). A step by step of content validity assessment process on approach towards safety knowledge, safety climate and SMEs safety performance framework. J. Contemp. Issues Bus. Gov. 27(2), 6253–6271.
Rahlin, N. A., Bahkia, A. S. S. A., Awang, Z., Idris, S., Lily, J., Razak, R. A. (2022). A Review on the Importance of Safety Leadership Role on Safety Climate and Safety Performance in High-Risk Industry. In: Alareeni, B., Hamdan, A. (eds) Financial Technology (FinTech), Entrepreneurship, and Business Development. ICBT 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 486. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08087-6_12.
Rahlin, N. A., Awang, Z., Fauzi, S. N. M. (2023). A Mediation Model of Safety Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Structural Equation Modelling. In: Alareeni, B., Hamdan, A. (eds) Explore Business, Technology Opportunities and Challenges ?After the Covid-19 Pandemic. ICBT 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 495. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08954-1_72.
Raza, I., and Awang, Z. (2020), “Knowledge sharing in multicultural organizations: evidence from Pakistan”, Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2042-3896.htm.
Raza, I., and Awang, Z. (2020a). Knowledge-sharing practices in higher educational institutes of Islamabad, Pakistan: an empirical study based on theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. DOI: 10.1108/JARHE-03-2020-0068.
Raza, I., Chaudhry, A. R., and Awang, Z. (2019), Knowledge Sharing Behaviour of Multiracial Staff Engaged in Industrial Firms of Islamabad, Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 9 (11).
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Ventura, M. (2014). Impact of ICT on quality of working life. The Impact of ICT on Quality of Working Life, 1–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8854-0
Sarcu, D. (2022). Applying a band-aid or building a bridge: ecological factors and divergent approaches to enhancing teacher wellbeing. Cambridge Journal of Education, doi: 10.1080/0305764x.2022.2155612
Sarwar, M. A., Awang, Z., Habib, M. D., Nasir, J., & Hussain, M. (2020). Why did I buy this? Purchase regret and repeat purchase intentions: A model and empirical application. Journal of Public Affairs, e2357.
Sohail, M. M., Baghdady, A., Choi, J., Huynh, H. V., Whetten, K., & Proeschold-Bell, R. J. (2023). Factors influencing teacher wellbeing and burnout in schools: A scoping review1. Work (Reading, Mass.), 10.3233/WOR-220234. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220234
Tarus, J. K., Gichoya, D., & Muumbo, A. (2015). Challenges of Implementing E-Learning in Kenya: A Case of Kenyan Public Universities. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(1), 120–141.
Torre, G. La, Esposito, A., Sciarra, I., & Chiappetta, M. (2019). Definition, symptoms and risk of techno-stress: a systematic review. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 92, 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1352-1
Van Horn, J. E., Taris, T. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2004). The structure of occupational well-being: A study among Dutch teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), 365–375.
https://doi.org/10.1348/0963179041752718
Voet, M., & De Wever, B. (2017). Towards a differentiated and domain-specific view of educational technology: An exploratory study of history teachers’ technology use. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(6), 1402–1413.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12493
Walifa, R-K. (2023). Further Education Teachers’ Wellbeing: A Discussion of Equal Opportunities and Career Progression. British journal of education, doi: 10.37745/bje.2013/vol11n82248
Weil, M. M., & Rosen, L. D. (1997). Technostress: Coping with technology@ work@ home@ play (Vol. 13, p. 240). New York: J. Wiley.
Zhao, Y. (2020). COVID-19 as a catalyst for educational change. Prospects, 49(1–2), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09477-y