Environmental-friendly Transportation is the latest evolution in managing operation and combating climate crises. In the automotive industry, this concept introduces a new feasibility study to the post usage stage of the transitioning green heavy-duty vehicle specifically in municipal operations. This financial model research investigates the environmental, social and economics, focusing overloading problems for improvement needs. To achieve this, factors of vehicles for Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is considered. Then, each factor is individually modelled to accurately represent its respective environmental, economic, and societal needs. A mathematical financial model, derived based on the modelled relationship, was later constructed, and later converted into a computer model. Furthermore, the result of each model will be able to assist the Malaysian Government, automotive manufacturers, and hired waste management contractors to formulate policies and strategies that would lead towards positive financial performance with related to environmental issues to be quantified. Hence, this paper examines the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies in Malaysia, focusing on the challenge of assessing the minimum Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for GHDV fleets. This paper highlights the need for comprehensive TCO analysis, considering environmental impacts, and integrating LCC principles for effective implementation and management of cost-efficient HDV fleets.
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