This paper thoroughly explores the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and employee turnover intention, employing the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. It emphasizes the pivotal role of employees as the core resources of an organization and highlights the negative impact of workforce mobility on organizational performance and profitability, particularly in fiercely competitive markets where retaining key technical personnel is essential. The associated costs of employee turnover, such as recruitment expenses, labor force losses, and decreased productivity, pose significant challenges on individual, organizational, and national levels. CSR is identified as a strategic approach for businesses to actively engage in social and environmental responsibilities, fostering a positive brand image and strengthening connections with stakeholders. The research findings highlight the substantial reduction in employee turnover intention through effective CSR implementation, achieved by enhancing employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, and identification, along with improving the company's public reputation, thereby mitigating turnover intentions. The study also acknowledges potential adverse consequences stemming from inconsistencies in CSR practices, recognizing that perceived misalignments between commitments and behaviors may amplify employees' intentions to leave. The SLR method integrates literature from diverse databases, revealing CSR's direct impact on employee attitudes and behaviors, particularly in reinforcing organizational belongingness and loyalty across various industries and organizational types. CSR emerges as a pivotal factor in diminishing employee turnover rates, enhancing corporate brand images, and sustaining competitive advantages. The research methodology employs the SLR approach, drawing key data from reputable databases and utilizing a grid map to synthesize and illustrate the primary findings of previous studies.In conclusion, the study underscores CSR's critical role in employee retention and turnover intention, providing essential support for cultivating a positive work environment, improving employee satisfaction, and fostering sustained employee retention.
Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2019). On corporate social responsibility, sensemaking, and the search for meaningfulness through work. Journal of management, 45(3), 1057-1086.
Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2019). On Corporate Social Responsibility, Sensemaking, and the Search for Meaningfulness Through Work. Journal of Management, 45(3), 1057–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317691575
Ahmad, S., Shafique, O., & Jamal, W. N. (2020). Impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on banks’ financial performance and the mediating role of employees’ satisfaction and loyalty in Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6(3), 765-774.
Alias, N. E., Rohmanan, N. H., Ismail, S., Koe, W. L., & Othman, R. (2018). Factors influencing turnover intention in a Malaysian manufacturing company. KnE Social Sciences, 771-787.
Allisey, A. F., Noblet, A. J., Lamontagne, A. D., & Houdmont, J. (2014). Testing a model of officer intentions to quit: the mediating effects of job stress and job satisfaction. Criminal justice and behavior, 41(6), 751-771.
Bayode, O. T., & Duarte, A. P. (2022). Examining the Mediating Role of Work Engagement in the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Nigeria. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 150.
https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040150
Belete, A. K. (2018). Turnover intention influencing factors of employees: An empirical work review. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 7(3), 1-7.
Bharadwaj, S., & Yameen, M. (2021). Analyzing the mediating effect of organizational identification on the relationship between CSR employer branding and employee retention. Management Research Review, 44(5), 718–737.
https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2020-0298
Bowen H. R. (1953). Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York, NY: Harper.
Carnahan, S., Kryscynski, D., & Olson, D. (2017). When Does Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce Employee Turnover? Evidence from Attorneys Before and After 9/11. Academy of Management Journal, 60(5), 1932–1962. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0032
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of management review, 4(4), 497-505.
Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & society, 38(3), 268-295.
Carroll, A. B. (2008). A history of corporate social responsibility: Concepts and practices.
Carroll, A. B. (2015). Corporate social responsibility: The centerpiece of competing and complementary frameworks. Organizational dynamics.
Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), 85-105.
Castro-González, S., Bande, B., & Vila-Vázquez, G. (2021). How can companies decrease salesperson turnover intention? The corporate social responsibility intervention. Sustainability, 13(2), 750.
Castro-González, S., Bande, B., Guadalupe Vila-Vázquez, & Vila-Vázquez, G. (2021). How can companies decrease salesperson turnover intention? The corporate social responsibility intervention. Sustainability, 13(2), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020750
Cen, X., Qiu, Y., & Wang, T. Y. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Retention. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4144689
Chaudhary, R. (2017). CSR and turnover intentions: Examining the underlying psychological mechanisms. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(3), 643–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-10-2016-0184
Chen, X., Hansen, E., Cai, J., & Xiao, J. (2023). The differential impact of substantive and symbolic CSR attribution on job satisfaction and turnover intention. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility.
Cheng, B., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic management journal, 35(1), 1-23.
Cheng, Y., Wang, Y., & Feihong Pan. (2022). The Impact of CSR Perceptions on Employees’ Turnover Intention during the COVID-19 Crisis in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8297–8297. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148297
Chiat, L. C., & Panatik, S. A. (2019). Perceptions of employee turnover intention by Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory: A systematic literature review. Journal of Research in Psychology, 1(2), 10-15.
Chun, S., & Cho, E. (2017). Differentiation strategy, CSR, and real activities earnings management: Evidence from Korea. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 33(4), 669-692.
Dangelico, R. M., & Vocalelli, D. (2017). “Green Marketing”: An analysis of definitions, strategy steps, and tools through a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Cleaner production, 165, 1263-1279.
Davis, K. (1960). Can business afford to ignore social responsibilities?. California management review, 2(3), 70-76.
Dobrosavljevi?, A., & Uroševi?, S. (2021). Research of the Influence of CSR Dimensions Integration in Business Processes on the Reduction of the Employee Turnover in Apparel Industry Organizations Using AHP and TOPSIS Methods. Engineering Management Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2021.1940043
Duarte, F. (2010). Working with corporate social responsibility in Brazilian companies: The role of managers’ values in the maintenance of CSR cultures. Journal of Business ethics, 96, 355-368.
Elkington, J. (1999), Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business, new ed., Capstone, Oxford.
Evans, W. R., & Davis, W. (2014). Corporate citizenship and the employee: An organizational identification perspective. Human Performance, 27(2), 129-146.
Fairlie, P., & Svergun, O. (2019). Employee perceptions of an expanded form of corporate social responsibility in predicting job attitudes and turnover intentions. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 5(4), 350. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijewe.2019.10029242
Ferreira, P., & Real de Oliveira, E. (2014). Does corporate social responsibility impact on employee engagement?. Journal of Workplace Learning, 26(3/4), 232-247.
Gaudêncio, P., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N. (2019). The impact of CSR perceptions on workers turnover intentions: Exploring supervisor exchange process and the role of perceived external prestige. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-12-2018-0330
Gaudencio, P., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N. (2020). The impact of CSR perceptions on workers’ turnover intentions: Exploring the supervisor exchange process and the role of perceived external prestige. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(4), 543–561. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2018-0330
George, N. A., Aboobaker, N., & Edward, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and organizational commitment: effects of CSR attitude, organizational trust and identification. Society and Business Review, 15(3), 255-272.
Glavas, A. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Engagement: Enabling Employees to Employ More of Their Whole Selves at Work. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00796
González-Rodríguez, M. R., Martín-Samper, R. C., Köseoglu, M. A., & Okumus, F. (2019). Hotels’ corporate social responsibility practices, organizational culture, firm reputation, and performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(3), 398–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1585441
Grant, A. M. (2012). Leading with Meaning: Beneficiary Contact, Prosocial Impact, and the Performance Effects of Transformational Leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 458–476. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0588
Hansen, K., & Seierstad, C. (2017). Introduction: CSR and diversity management. Corporate social responsibility and diversity management: Theoretical approaches and best practices, 1-40.
Helton, J. (2017). The Influence of Perceived CSR Engagement on Millennial Employee Turnover Intentions.
Ho, A. T. S. (2012). The impact of perceived CSR on employee performance and turnover intention: An examination of the mediating effects of organizational justice and organizationbased self-esteem.
Hu, H., Wang, C., Lan, Y., & Wu, X. (2022). Nurses’ turnover intention, hope and career identity: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC nursing, 21(1), 1-11.
Hwang, Y.-S., Byung-Jik Kim, & Kim, B.-J. (2021). “The Power of a Firm’s Benevolent Act”: The Influence of Work Overload on Turnover Intention, the Mediating Role of Meaningfulness of Work and the Moderating Effect of CSR Activities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073780
Influence of Employee-Focused Corporate Social Responsibility and Employer Brand on Turnover Intention. (2020). European Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/12-9-07
Lazzari, M., Alvarez, J. M., & Ruggieri, S. (2022). Predicting and explaining employee turnover intention. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 14(3), 279-292.
Lee, J. (2022). Nursing home nurses’ turnover intention: A systematic review. Nursing Open, 9(1), p22–29.
Lee, S. S., Kim, Y., & Roh, T. (2019). Modified pyramid of CSR for corporate image and customer loyalty: Focusing on the moderating role of the CSR experience. Sustainability, 11(17), 4745.
Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Wise, L., & Fireman, S. (1996). An unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of Management journal, 39(1), 5-36.
Li, Y., Haleem, F., Cheng, Y., & Farooq, S. (2022). The impact of corporate social responsibility practices on sustainability performance in manufacturing networks: The moderating effect of interplant coordination. Production Planning & Control, 33(12), 1182–1196. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1856955
Makhdoom, H. ur R., & Anjum, A. (2016). Impact of CSR & TQM on Employee’s Turnover Intention: Mediating role of Organizational Commitment. The International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(9), 210–229. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v6-i9/2306
March, J. G., and Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations, Wiley, New York.
Masoud, N. (2017). How to win the battle of ideas in corporate social responsibility: the International Pyramid Model of CSR. International journal of corporate social responsibility, 2(1), 1-22.
McGuire, J. W. (1963) Business and society. McGraw-Hill, New York
McGuire, T. L., Shelden, K. E., Himes Boor, G. K., Stephens, A. D., McClung, J. R., Garner, C., ... & Wright, B. (2021). Patterns of mortality in endangered Cook Inlet beluga whales: insights from pairing a long?term photo?identification study with stranding records. Marine Mammal Science, 37(2), 492-511.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of management review, 26(1), 117-127.
Mirzaei, A., Moghaddam, R. H., & Soola, H. A. (2021). Identifying the predictors of turnover intention based on psychosocial factors of nurses during the COVID?19 outbreak. Nursing Open, 8(6), 3469-3476.
Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of management journal, 44(6), 1102-1121.
Mobley, B. D. (1973). SELF-CONCEPT AND CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY: THE BLACK EXPERIENCE. Purdue University.
Mobley, W. H., Griffeth, R. W., Hand, H. H., & Meglino, B. M. (1979). Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological bulletin, 86(3), 493.
Mohammad Alnehabi & Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi. (2023). The Association between Corporate Social Responsibility, Employee Performance, and Turnover Intention Moderated by Organizational Identification and Commitment. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914202
Mohr, L. A., Webb, D. J., & Harris, K. E. (2001). Do Consumers Expect Companies to be Socially Responsible? The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1), 45–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00102.x
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., Porter, L. W., & OREGON UNIV EUGENE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS. (1981). The Consequences of Employee Commitment, Turnover, and Absenteeism: An Exploratory Analysis.
Muirhead, S. A. (1999). Corporate Contributions: The view from 50 Years. New York: The Conference Board.
Mulang, H. (2022). Analysis of The Effect of Organizational Justice, Worklife Balance on Employee Engagement and Turnover Intention. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2), 86-97.
Nejati, M., Brown, M. E., Shafaei, A., & Seet, P. S. (2021). Employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership: are they uniquely related to turnover intention?. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(2), 181-197.
Nejati, M., Brown, M. E., Shafaei, A., & Seet, P.-S. (2021). Employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership: Are they uniquely related to turnover intention? Social Responsibility Journal, 17(2), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-08-2019-0276
Onkila, T., & Sarna, B. (2022). A systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR: State of art and future research agenda. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(2), 435-447.
Park, J., & Min, H. K. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102599.
Poon, Y. S. R., Lin, Y. P., Griffiths, P., Yong, K. K., Seah, B., & Liaw, S. Y. (2022). A global overview of healthcare workers’ turnover intention amid COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with future directions. Human resources for health, 20(1), 1-18
Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological bulletin, 80(2), 151.
Pratama, E. N., Suwarni, E., & Handayani, M. A. (2022). The effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intention with person organization fit as moderator variable. Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM), 6(1), 74-82.
Price, J. L. (1989). The impact of turnover on the organization. Work and occupations, 16(4), 461-473.
Price, J. L. (2001). Reflections on the determinants of voluntary turnover. International Journal of manpower, 22(7), 600-624.
Rauf, F., Voinea, C. L., Naveed, K., & Fratostiteanu, C. (2021). CSR Disclosure: Effects of Political Ties, Executive Turnover and Shareholder Equity. Evidence from China. Sustainability, 13(7), 3623. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073623
Rupp, D. E., Shao, R., Skarlicki, D. P., Paddock, E. L., Kim, T.-Y., & Nadisic, T. (2018b). Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: The moderating role of CSR-specific relative autonomy and individualism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), 559–579. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2282
Rupp, D. E., Shao, R., Skarlicki, D. P., Paddock, E. L., Kim, T., & Nadisic, T. (2018a). Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: The moderating role of CSR ?specific relative autonomy and individualism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), 559–579. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2282
Sanusi, F. A., & Johl, S. K. (2020). A proposed framework for assessing the influence of internal corporate social responsibility belief on employee intention to job continuity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(6), 2437-2449.
Scheidler, S., Schons, L. M., & Spanjol, J. (2016). Internal Marketing of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives: CSR Portfolio Effects on Employee Perceptions of Corporate Hypocrisy, Attitudes, and Turnover. 553–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29877-1_112
Shaikh, E., Brahmi, M., Thang, P. C., Watto, W. A., Trang, T. T. N., & Loan, N. T. (2022). Should I Stay or Should I Go? Explaining the Turnover Intentions with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Organizational Identification and Organizational Commitment. Sustainability, 14(10), 6030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106030
Sinha, R., Duraipandian Israel, & Israel, D. (2018). Employees’ participation in CSR initiatives and job outcomes – affective commitment, job satisfaction, organisational attractiveness, organisational performance and turnover intention. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 10(2), 177–207. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbem.2018.10012376
Smith, D., & Rhiney, E. (2020). CSR commitments, perceptions of hypocrisy, and recovery. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 5(1), 1-12.
Snehal Chandra, Piyali Ghosh, & Saitab Sinha. (2023). Addressing employee turnover in retail through CSR and transformational leadership. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2022-0237
Srpová, J., Srpová, J., Mísa?, J., & Mísa?, J. (2016). A Case Study on Implementation of CSR to Mitigate High Employee Turnover in a PR Agency. 2016(4).
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence?informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British journal of management, 14(3), 207-222.
Valyte-Zeimiene, D., & Buksnyte-Marmiene, L. (2023). Relationship between employees’ attributions of corporate social responsibility, organisational justice and turnover intention: Evidence from a post-Soviet country. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(6), 1051-1067.
Visser, W. (2011). The age of responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the new DNA of business. John Wiley & Sons.
Wang, Q., Gazi, Md. A. I., Sobhani, F. A., Masud, A. A., Islam, M. A., & Akter, T. (2023). Green human resource management and job pursuit intention: Mediating role of corporate social responsibility and organizational reputation. Environmental Research Communications, 5(7), 075001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acda81
Wang, X., Xiang, C., Meng, L., Chi, L., & Li, S. (2023). External corporate social responsibility promotes employees’ unethical pro-organizational behavior: an attribution perspective. Current Psychology, 42(25), 21326-21340.
Wong, A. K. F., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2022). The evolution, progress, and the future of corporate social responsibility: Comprehensive review of hospitality and tourism articles. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 23(1), 1-33.
Xue, S., Zhang, L., & Chen, H. (2018). CSR, Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention: Perspective of Conservation of Resources Theory. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 16866. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.16866abstract
Yildiz, B., Yildiz, H., & Arda, A. O. (2021). Relationship between work–family conflict and turnover intention in nurses: A meta?analytic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(8), 3317-3330.
Yoo, J. M., & Chon, M. L. (2015). The Effect of CSR on Employees\’ Turnover Intention: Comparative Study on Harmful and Non-Harmful Industry. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(21), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i21/79157
Kim, Y. (2022). A Study on the Interaction Effect of High-commitment HRM and External CSR Perception on Turnover Intention of SMEs’ Employees. The Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 21. https://doi.org/10.22143/hss21.13.6.268
Zhao, X., Wu, C., Chen, C. C., & Zhou, Z. (2022). The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Incumbent Employees: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms. Journal of Management, 48(1), 114–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320946108
