Introduction: Obesity is one of the major contributors to diseases and mortality. Aqua-based exercise, also known as water-based exercise has been a safer and appropriate approach for obese people. However, less has been studied on the impact of gene polymorphism on the effects of aqua exercises in obese women. Purpose: Thus, this study aimed to examine the role of the Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene polymorphism on metabolic and obesity-related traits in response to aqua exercises among obese women. Methods: Sixty previously sedentary obese women (BMI >30 kg/m²), aged 20-59 years old were involved. All participants were subjected to aqua exercise (AE) programs over 12 weeks, 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, with the intensity of 50-75% of the maximum heart rate. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, glucose, abdominal circumference (AC), blood pressure, and body fat mass (BFM) were measured at baseline (week-0) and post-exercise intervention (week-13). The participants were genotyped for ADIPOQ-rs266729, ADIPOQ-rs17300539, and ADIPOQ-rs16861194. Results: The genotypes were correlated to the changes of selected metabolic and obesity-related traits except for ADIPOQ-rs17300539. AE demonstrated significant changes (p<.05) for most of the parameters except for LDL and blood pressure (p>.05). It was found that the participants with ADIPOQ-rs266729 CC genotype demonstrated superior reduction in LDL compared to GC genotype (p=.03) and ADIPOQ-rs16861194 AA genotype demonstrated superior reduction in AC compared with AG genotype (p=.04) following interventions. Conclusions: 12 weeks of aqua exercise improved all health parameters in obese women, and ADIPOQ gene polymorphism is associated with the metabolic responses following aqua exercises. ADIPOQ-rs266729 G and ADIPOQ-rs16861194 G variants may be considered disadvantageous factors in the context of training-induced effects on metabolic and obesity-related traits.
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