The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a reevaluation of traditional pedagogical models in higher education, prompting a paradigm shift towards online learning. This study employed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to examine the efficacy of online learning among Jinzhong University students, highlighting key determinants of learning efficiency, including (i) online media quality and network fluency, (ii) instructors' professionalism and charisma, and (iii) students' motivation and self-discipline. The findings indicate the emergence of a novel hybrid education model, which offers considerable advantages but is impeded by factors such as insufficient training, limited bandwidth, and inadequate preparation, ultimately constraining the continuous growth and optimization of hybrid education.
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