The wholesale and retail sector is one of the key sectors that are expected to help the government in realizing vision 2030. They are great contributors to employment and GDP. However, of late, wholesale and retail businesses have faced a myriad of challenges in their performance in the dynamic environment. This study sought to establish the influence of motorcycle strategic collaboration, and accessibility to the markets on the performance of wholesale and business businesses in Kenya. This study was anchored on Porter’s five forces model. The research philosophy adopted for the study was descriptive using a quantitative approach was used. The study targeted all wholesale and retail shops in 47 counties and systematic sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select a sample size of 383 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential analysis was undertaken using SPSS software Version 28. On average, the findings noted that motorcycle accessibility to the markets had enhanced the growth of wholesaler and retailer businesses in Kenya with a score of 4.03 out of 5.0. On inferential statistics, the study found that motorcycle accessibility to the markets had a statistically significant influence on the performance of wholesale and retail businesses in Kenya (t = 26.341; P = 0.000 < 0.05). The coefficient of determination was R2=0.802 suggesting that motorcycle accessibility to the markets explains 80.2% of variations in the performance of wholesale and retail businesses that motorcycles for last-mile delivery in Kenya. The study concluded that motorcycle accessibility had a strong and significant relationship with performance. The study recommends that there is a need to engage motorcycle delivery services to easily access more customers in remote areas. The government should formalize and regulate the activities of commercial motorcycle operators to strengthen the business.
Afolabi, O. J., & Gbadamosi, K. T. (2017). Road traffic crashes in Nigeria: causes and consequences. Transport & Logistics: the International Journal, 17(42), 2406-1069.
Afukaar, F., Damsere-Derry, J., Peters, K., & Starkey, P. (2019). Rural Transport Services Indicators: Using a new mixed-methods methodology to inform policy in Ghana. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, (3).
Almeida, G., Medeiros, F., Pinto, L. O., Moura, J. M., & Lima, K. C. (2016). Prevalence and factors associated with traffic accidents involving motorcycle taxis. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 69(2), 3828.
Arosanyin, G. T. (2011). Earnings from commercial motorcycle operations in Ilorin, Nigeria: A inquiry on Determinants. Ghana Journal of Development Studies
Cano, S. M. (2018). Habal-Habal: Characteristics of Motorcycle Taxi Users in Metropolitan Manila (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Chulalongkorn University. https://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/xmlui/handle/123456789/63648
Chesbrough, H. W., & Appleyard, M. M. (2007). Open Innovation and Strategy. California Management Review, 50(1), 57-76.
Gamberini, G. L. (2014). Boda Boda: The Impact of A Motorbike Taxi Service in Rural South Uganda. Columbia University. Journal of Politics & Society, 25(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8gt5mft
George, L. (2020). Crowded Lagos to ban motorbikes from most of the Nigerian metropolis. Reuters Media. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-transportationban/crowded-lagos-to-ban-motorbikes-from-most-of-nigerian-metropolisidUSKBN1ZQ2GF
Global Retail Development Index (GRDI), 2019). Leapfrogging into the future of retail. A.T. Kearney
Guillen, M. D., Ishida, H., & Okamoto, N. (2013). Is the use of informal public transport modes in developing countries habitual? An empirical study in Davao City, Philippines. Transport Policy, 26, 31–42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.03.008
Hariyatno, H., Wimpertiwi, D., Isanawikrama, I., & Bawono, A. (2018). Ease of Online Ojek Service Grows Consumer Loyalty. The Winners, 19(2).
https://doi.org/10.21512/tw.v19i2.4610
Howe, J. (2003). Filling the middle': Uganda's appropriate transport services. Journal of Transport Reviews, 23(2), 161-176.
Jaligot, R., Kemajou, A., & Chenal, J. (2017). A new approach to spatial analysis of motorcycle taxi activities – the case of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 5(1), 78–91.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2017.1402697
Jenkins, J., Mokuwa, E. Y., Peters, K., & Richards, P. (2020). Changing women's lives and livelihoods: motorcycle taxis in rural Liberia and Sierra Leone. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 173(2), 132–143.
https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.18.00162
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. (2017). Kenya facts and figures. Nairobi: Kenya.
Kiechel, W. (1981). The decline of the experience curve. Fortune, 139-145.
Mbegu, S., & Mjema, J. (2019). Poverty Cycle with Motorcycle Taxis (Boda-Boda) Business in Developing Countries: Evidence from Mbeya—Tanzania. OALib, 06(08), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105617
Mbugua, C. (2011). The effects of the motorcycle transport revolution on the economic growth of Kenya. A case of Thika district. Unpublished thesis submitted to KCA University. Nov. 2011.
Michael, C. E., Ojedoku, U. A., & Chinwokwu, E. C. (2012). Abolition of Commercial Motorbikes and Its Implication on Transportation and Criminality in Calabar Metropolis. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v1i1.103
Miller, D., Peter, H. P. (2021). Successful and Unsuccessful Phases of the Organizational Life Cycle, Readings in Organizational Decline.
Muchira, N. (2016,). Motorcycles are set to become the main mode of transport in Africa. Biz Community. https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/582/151424.html
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative methods. Nairobi, Rev editions.
Mugenda, O., & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative methods. Nairobi, Rev editions.
Muindi, K., & Nyabuta, O.S. (2018). Informal Motorcycle Business and Livelihoods in Urban Areas of Kenya: Evidence from Eldoret and Kakamega Towns, International Journal Of Innovative Research & Development, 7(3), 74-87
Nkede, L. (2012). The Socio-Cultural Impact of the Introduction of Motorbike Taxis in the Rural Community. The University of Yaoundé, Published Master Thesis.
Nyabuta, O. J. S., & Muindi, K. (2018). A Review of the Motorcycle Phenomenon on Livelihoods in Eldoret and Kakamega Municipalities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(2), 576–586.
Olvera, L. D., D. Plat, P., Pochet, and Maidadi, S.(2012). Motorbike Taxis in the Transport Crisis of West and Central African Cities. EchoGeo 20: 1–15.
Olvera, L. D., Plat, D., Pochet, P., & Maidadi, S. (2012). Motorbike taxis in the transport crisis of West and Central African cities. EchoGéo. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.13080
Peraphan, J., Hermann, K., & Markus, M. (2017). The conundrum of the motorcycle in the mix of sustainable urban transport. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 4869–4890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.365
Pongprasert, P., & Kubota, H. (2017). Switching from motorcycle taxi to walking: A case study of transit station access in Bangkok, Thailand. IATSS Research, 41(4), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2017.03.003
Porter, M. (1980). Porter’s Five Forces Model. New York: Free Press
Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Advantage. New York: The Free Press.
Puan, O. C., Hassan, Y. A. H., Mashros, N., Idham, M. K., Hassan, N. A., Warid, M. N. M., & Hainin, M. R. (2019). Transportation mode choice binary logit model: A case study for Johor Bahru city. In IOP conference series: Materials science and engineering (Vol. 527, No. 1, p. 012066). IOP Publishing.
Research, & Markets. (2017). Africa Two-wheeler (Motorcycle vs. Scooter) Market Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2021 https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/africa-two-wheeler-motorcycle-vsscooter-market-competition-forecast--opportunities-2021---research-and-markets300444172.html
SA, B., & MM, Z. (2018). Motorcycle Riders’ Risky Behaviors and Safety Measures: A Hospital-Based Study. Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 42(3), 453–468. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2018.12210
Starkey, P. (2016). Provision of rural transport services: user needs, practical constraints, and policy issues. Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific 86, 6–22.
