International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

A Systemic Functional Linguistics Analysis of News Reports on Child Abuse

Open access
The general perspectives of child abuse issues are derived from the mainstream media. However, the media’s tendency to sensationalise the cases to attract viewership may distort the readers’ understanding and further propagate child maltreatment. This study investigates the language used in Malaysian news discourse on child abuse using Karpenko-Seccombe et al.’s (2020) method of analysis and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as a theoretical framework. This qualitative study analyses 28 news articles published by the government-affiliated news platform, The Star, and independent news media, Free Malaysia Today. Findings revealed that victims are described as invisible and depersonalised entities while perpetrators are individuals with distinct characteristics. Further, the transitivity processes found in the excerpts were Material, Mental, Relational, Verbal, and Existential processes. The emotive and evaluative language revealed the roles and attitudes of the journalists in presenting the news. Moreover, direct and indirect quotations expose the journalists’ need to stress the importance and severity of the requests delivered by news actors. Lastly, this study may benefit language students, policymakers, and academicians in linguistics and media studies.
Al Fajri, M. A. S. (2017). Representation of 411 protests in Jakarta in the news: A transitivity analysis. The International Academic Forum.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339352969_Representation_of_411_Protest_in_Jakarta_in_the_News_A_Transitivity_Analysis
Haque, A. M., Janson, S., Moniruzzaman, S., Rahman, F. A. K. M., Islam, S. S., Mashreky, S. R., & Eriksson, U. (2020). Child maltreatment portrayed in Bangladeshi newspapers. Child Abuse Review, 29(5), 448-462. 10.1002/car.2606
Bednarek, M., & Caple, H. (2017). The Discourse of News Values: How News Organizations Create Newsworthiness. Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com/book/2322
Bouvier, G., & Machin, D. (2018). Critical discourse analysis and the challenges and opportunities of social media. Review of Communication, 18(3), 178-192. 10.1080/15358593.2018.1479881
Boykoff, M. T. (2011). Who speaks for the climate? Making sense of media reporting on climate change. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com.my/books/about/Who_Speaks_for_the_Climate.html?id=zsdRZR88tdkC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y
Child Rights Coalition Malaysia. (2020). Status report on child rights Malaysia 2019. Child Rights Coalition. Retrieved May 28, 2022, from https://wao.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CRCM-STATUS-REPORT-2019-FINAL.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches 4th Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Davies, E., O’Leary, E., & Read, J. (2015). Child abuse in England and Wales 2003–2013: Newspaper reporting versus reality. Journalism, 18(6). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1464884915610994
Doring, N., & Walter, R. (2019). Media coverage of child sexual abuse: A framework of issue-specific quality criteria. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1-20. Doi: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1675841
Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Longman.
Fakunmoju, S. B., Bammeke, F. O., Antwi Bosiakoh, T., Kwaku Boakye Asante, R., Wooten, N. R., Hill, A. C., & Karpman, H. (2013). Perception and determination of child maltreatment: Exploratory comparisons across three countries. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(9), 1418-1430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.06.001
Farhat, F. M. (2016). A systemic linguistic analysis of process types, participant roles and modality types in Obama's speeches on Muslim world issues. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57250431/A_Master_Dissertation_by_Student_Fatma_M_Farhat__University_of_Malaya-libre.pdf?1535328977=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DA_SYSTEMIC_LINGUISTIC_ANALYSIS_OF_PROCES.pdf&Expires=1675052798&Sig
Furedi, F. (2013). Moral Crusades in an Age of Mistrust: The Jimmy Savile Scandal. Palgrave Macmillan. https://books.google.com.my/books/about/Moral_Crusades_in_an_Age_of_Mistrust.html?id=ZlICtSYk5SQC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y
Gho, G., & Pasaribu, A. N. (2021). An analysis of modalities of the book “How Children Succeed” by Paul Tough. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 9(2), 199-212. 10.24256/ideas.v912.2222
Goldman, J. D. G., & Grimbeek, P. (2015). Preservice teachers’ sources of information on mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(3), 238-258. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275894573_Preservice_Teachers’_Sources_of_Information_on_Mandatory_Reporting_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse
Gunster, S., & Saurette, P. (2014). Storylines in the sands: News, narrative, and ideology in the Calgary Herald. Canadian Journal of Communication, 39(3), 333-359. https://cjc-online.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/2830/2572
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Hallidays-Introduction-to-Functional-Grammar/Halliday-Matthiessen/p/book/9781444146608
Harper, C. A., & Hogue, T. E. (2015). The emotional representation of sexual crime in the national British press. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 34, 4-24. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0261927X14544474
Ho, G. W. K., & Chan, A. C. Y. (2018). Media portrayal of a hidden problem: An analysis of Hong Kong newspaper coverage of child maltreatment in 2016. Child Abuse & Neglect, 83, 62–73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30025305/
Hove, T., Paek, H.-J., Isaacson, T., & Cole, R. T. (2013). Newspaper portrayals of child abuse: Frequency of coverage and frames of the issues and frames of the issue. Mass Communication and Society, 16(1), 89-108.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15205436.2011.632105
Ibrahim, H., & Jarimal, N. (2018). Child welfare and social work: The legal, political and social contexts of Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(3), 1-5.
James, A., & Prout, A. (2015). Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood. Taylor & Francis Group.
Kanakapura, S. (2021). The portrayal of child abuse in the media. Manual RedEye. Retrieved May 31, 2022, from https://manualredeye.com/90876/news/local/the-portrayal-of-child-abuse-in-the-media/
Kang, L. (2020). Systemic Functional Grammar Analysis of News Reports of Li Wenliang Incident. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11(5), 12-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348556786_Systemic_Functional_Grammar_Analysis_of_News_Reports_of_Li_Wenliang_Incident
Karpenko-Seccombe, T., Nelson, K., Fray, C., Harvey, R., Powell-Booth, K., Jones, A., Wager, N., & Sheng, S. (2022). Representations of Child Sexual Abuse in Jamaica: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Popular News Media. MDPI AG. https://library.oapen.org/viewer/web/viewer.html?file=/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/59873/Representations%20of%20Child%20Sexual%20Abuse%20in%20Jamaica-HBK2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Kenyataan media tatistic kanak-kanak Malaysia, bilangan kanak-kanak yang memerlukan pemeliharaan dan perlindungan pada tahun 2021. (2021). Department of Statistics Malaysia. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/uploads/files/5_Gallery/2_Media/4_Stats%40media/4-Press_Statement/2021/12%20Dis/STATISTIK%20KANAK%20KANAK%202021.pdf
Killion, C. M. (2017). Cultural healing practices that mimic child abuse. Annals of Forensic Research and Analysis, 4(2), 1-4. https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Forensic/forensic-4-1042.pdf
Kitzinger, J. (2015). Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood (A. Prout & A. James, Eds.). Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315745008-11/kidding-jenny-kitzinger
Kramer, S. (2019). The power of critical discourse analysis: Investigating female perpetrated sex abuse victim discourses. In S. Laher, A. Fynn, & S. Kramer (Eds.), Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case Studies from South Africa. Wits University Press. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331845713_The_power_of_critical_discourse_analysis_Investigating_female-perpetrated_sex_abuse_victim_discourses
Kristianti, E. A. (2021). Interpersonal meanings of mood and modality in Jacinda Ardern’s speeches on Covid-19. 1-90. http://repository.usd.ac.id/38882/2/174214079_full.pdf
Lansford, J. E., Godwin, J., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Zelli, A., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Giunta, L. D., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., & Alampay, L. P. (2015). Individual, family, and culture level contributions to child physical abuse and neglect: A longitudinal study in nine countries. Dev Psychopathol, 27(4), 1417-1428. 10.1017/S095457941500084X
Lonne, B., & Gillespie, K. (2014). How do Australian print media representations of child abuse and neglect inform the public and system reform?: Stories place undue emphasis on social control measures and too little emphasis on social care responses. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(5), 837–850. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-23406-005
Lonne, B., & Parton, N. (2014). Portrayals of child abuse scandals in the media in Australia and England: Impacts on practice, policy, and systems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(5), 822-836. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/21394/1/PartonPortrayals.pdf
Maydell, E. (2017). ‘It just seemed like your normal domestic violence’: Ethnic stereotypes in print media coverage of child abuse in New Zealand. Media, Culture & Society, 1-18. 10.1177/0163443717737610
Mayer, F. W. (2012). Stories of climate change: Competing narratives, the media, and U.S. public opinion, 2001–2010. 1-47. https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/d72_mayer.pdf
McAlinden, A.-M. (2014). Deconstructing victim and offender identities in discourses on child sexual abuse: Hierarchies, blame and the good/evil dialectic. British Journal of Criminology, 54, 180–198.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3240611
Mejia, P., Cheyne, A., & Dorfman, L. (2012). News coverage of child sexual abuse and prevention, 2007-2009. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21(4), 470-487. 10.1080/10538712.2012.692465
Mulugeta, T. (2014). Media coverage of child abuse and child protection in Ethiopia. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technology, 4(4), 86-99. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5b58/958caa707342430ba5109ef3f67411611827.pdf
Niner, S., Ahmad, Y., & Cuthbert, D. (2013). The ‘social tsunami’: Media coverage of child abuse in Malaysia’s English-language newspapers in 2010. Media, Culture & Society, 35(4), 435-453. Doi:10.1177/0163443713483796
Niner, S., Cuthbert, D., & Yarina, A. (2014). Good mothers, bad mothers. Feminist Media Studies, 14(6), 993-1011. 10.1080/14680777.2013.854822
Pollack, E., & Allern, S. (2014). Criticism of the police in the news: Discourses and frames in the news media's coverage of the Norwegian bureau for the investigation of police affairs. Nordicom Review, 35, 33-50.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263830844_Criticism_of_the_Police_in_the_News_Discourses_and_Frames_in_the_News_Media's_Coverage_of_the_Norwegian_Bureau_for_the_Investigation_of_Police_Affairs
Popovic, S. (2018). Child sexual abuse news: A Systemic review of content analysis studies. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27, 752–770.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10538712.2018.1486935?journalCode=wcsa20
Saint-Jacques, M.-C., Villeneuve, P., Turcotte, D., Drapeau, S., & Ivers, H. (2012). The role of media in reporting child abuse. Journal of Social Service Research, 38(3), 292-304. 10.1080/01488376.2011.627232
Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R. A., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta?analyses. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2353
Vengadesan, M. (2019). The murdered child I cannot forget. Malaysiakini. Retrieved June 24, 2022, from https://www.malaysiakini.com/columns/475902
Weatherred, J. L. (2017). Framing child sexual abuse: A longitudinal content analysis of newspaper and television coverage, 2002-2012. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(1), 3-22. Retrieved from:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10538712.2016.1257528
Wong, K. K. (2015). News objectivity and its relevance in this age of internet and social media: The case of Malaysia. 1-9.
http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/308/1/News%20Objectivity%20and%20its%20Relevance.pdf
Xie, Q. (2018). Critical discourse analysis of news discourse. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(4), 399-403. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/266995556.pdf
Yusop, Y. (2016). Child abuse in Malaysia: Legal measures for the prevention of crime and protection of the victim. United Nations of Asia and Far East Institute. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from
https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No100/No100_IP_Malaysia.pdf