International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Sentiment Analysis on Citizen’s Emotion in Malaysia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact due to Lockdown

Open access

Siti Nur A’dilah Hasnor, Nahdatul Akma Ahmad, Nursyahidah Alias, Itaza Afiani Mohtar, Nik Ruslawati Nik Mustapa

Pages 1418-1429 Received: 12 Mar, 2023 Revised: 14 Apr, 2023 Published Online: 17 May, 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v13-i5/9141
People utilize social media platforms such as Twitter for social networking and to communicate their thoughts, feelings, and ideas with others. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Malaysians took to social media to express their feelings. This research aims to understand Malaysian Twitter users' discussions and psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Supervised Machine learning technique was used to analyze 1,645 Tweets (written both in Malay and English) related to COVID-19 between 1st January 2020 and 7th June 2021. The tweets were pre-processed and then classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for the sentiment analysis. The classification results matched 6 basic emotions from Paul Ekman Model which are anger, fear, happy, love, sadness, and surprise. From the sentiment analysis, it was found that anger towards people who violated the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) during Movement Control Order (MCO), political issues, and the issue of non-essential companies and factories disregarding the order to cease operation during MCO is dominant. This research may aid health professionals and researchers in better understanding Malaysian citizens' possible reactions during massive health crisis.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... & Cheng, Z. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
TheSunDaily. (2020). 48% of nation’s Covid-19 cases linked to Sri Petaling tabligh event. The Sun Daily. https://www.thesundaily.my/local/48-of-nation-s-covid-19-cases-linked-to-sri-petaling-tabligh-event-HM2428393
Rahim, R. N. (2020). Covid-19: Malaysia tertinggi di Asia Tenggara [Covid-19: Malaysia highest in Southeast Asia]. Harian Metro.
https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2020/03/554843/covid-19-malaysia-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara
Bunyan, J. (2020). PM: Malaysia under movement control order from Wed until March 31, all shops closed except for essential services. Malaymail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-wed-until-march-31-all-shops-closed-except-for/1847204
Lyu, J. C. (2012). How young Chinese depend on the media during public health crises? A comparative perspective. Public Relations Review, 38(5), 799–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.07.006
Liu, I. L. B., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2010). Understanding twitter usage: What drive people continue to tweet. In PACIS 2010 - 14th Pacific Asia Conf. Inf. Syst. (pp. 928–939).
Soriano, C. R., Roldan, M. D. G., Cheng, C., & Oco, N. (2016). Social media and civic engagement during calamities: the case of Twitter use during typhoon Yolanda. Philippine Political Science Journal, 37(1), 6–25.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01154451.2016.1146486
Van Lent, L. G. G., Sungur, H., Kunneman, F. A., Van De Velde, B., & Das, E. (2017). Too far to care? Measuring public attention and fear for Ebola using Twitter. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7219
Nair, M. R., Ramya, G. R., & Sivakumar, P. B. (2017). Usage and analysis of Twitter during 2015 Chennai flood towards disaster management. Procedia Computer Science, 115, 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.09.089
Fu, K.-W., Liang, H., Saroha, N., Tse, Z. T. H., Ip, P., & Fung, I. C.-H. (2016). How people react to Zika virus outbreaks on Twitter? A computational content analysis. American Journal of Infection Control, 44(12), 1700–1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.253
Ashton, K., Bellis, M. A., Davies, A. R., Hughes, K., & Winstock, A. (2017). Do emotions related to alcohol consumption differ by alcohol type? An international cross-sectional survey of emotions associated with alcohol consumption and influence on drink choice in different settings. BMJ Open, 7(10), e016089. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016089
Litwin, R., Goldbacher, E. M., Cardaciotto, L., & Gambrel, L. E. (2017). Negative emotions and emotional eating: The mediating role of experiential avoidance. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 22(1), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0301-9
Kirwan, M., Pickett, S. M., & Jarrett, N. L. (2017). Emotion regulation as a moderator between anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptom severity. Psychiatry Research, 254, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.028
Na, K., Garrett, R. K., & Slater, M. D. (2018). Rumor acceptance during public health crises: Testing the emotional congruence hypothesis. Journal of Health Communication, 23(8), 791–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1527877
Pizzoli, S. M. F., Marzorati, C., Mazzoni, D., & Pravettoni, G. (2020). An Internet-Based Intervention to Alleviate Stress During Social Isolation With Guided Relaxation and Meditation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 9(6), e19236. https://doi.org/10.2196/19236
Pang, B., & Lee, L. (2008). Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval, 2(1–2), 1–135. https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000011
Beigi, G., Hu, X., Maciejewski, R., & Liu, H. (2016). An Overview of Sentiment Analysis in Social Media and Its Applications in Disaster Relief. In Sentiment Analysis and Ontology Engineering (pp. 313–340). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30319-2_13
Ekman, P. (2005). Basic Emotions. In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 45–60). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.