Job stress is a significant issue in many organisations, with potential negative impacts on employees’ well-being, productivity, and job satisfaction. This study reviews the causes, and effects related to job stress in terms of an organisational context. Causes of job stress may include workload, role conflict, poor working conditions, lack of control, poor relationships with colleagues or supervisors, job insecurity, lack of recognition or rewards, and poor work-life balance. Negative effects of job stress can manifest as physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and behavioural symptoms, with implications for both the employees and organisations. Interventions for addressing job stress may include individual-level interventions, organisational-level interventions, or a combination of both. Future research could assist in addressing these limitations and provide a more nuanced understanding of job stress and its impacts. In conclusion, job stress is a critical issue, whereby organisations should address to promote employees’ well-being and productivity. Moreover, effective interventions are available to assist in achieving this goal.
Assi, M. D., Eshah, N. F., & Rayan, A. (2022). The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Conflict Resolution Styles Among Nurse Managers: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nursing, 8, 23779608221142372. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221142371
Ates, O. T., & Ihtiyaroglu, N. (2019). Analysis of the Relationship Between Stress and Organizational Commitment in Employees: A Meta-Analysis Study. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i1.3702
Ayd?n, I., Ozdemir, H. O., & Demirdag, S. A. (2020). Relationship Between Burnout and Intention to Leave in Hotel Establishments: The Case of K?r?ehir/Turkey Hotels. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 8(1), 417–431.
https://doi.org/10.21325/JOTAGS.2020.556
Bakker, A. B., & de Vries, J. D. (2021). Job Demands–Resources theory and self-regulation: new explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 34(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1797695
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209–223.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810870476
Bambi, S., Foa, C., De Felippis, C., Lucchini, A., Guazzini, A., & Rasero, L. (2018). Workplace incivility, lateral violence and bullying among nurses. A review about their prevalence and related factors. Acta Bio-Medica?: Atenei Parmensis, 89(6-S), 51–79. https://doi.org/10.23750/ABM.V89I6-S.7461
Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Cuevas, R., & Lonsdale, C. (2014). Job pressure and ill-health in physical education teachers: Themediating role of psychological need thwarting. Teaching and Teacher Education, 37, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TATE.2013.10.006
Boyd, C. M., Tuckey, M. R., & Winefield, A. H. (2014). Perceived effects of organizational downsizing and staff cuts on the stress experience: the role of resources. Stress and Health?: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 30(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMI.2495
Buttigieg, S. C., & West, M. A. (2013). Senior management leadership, social support, job design and stressor-to-strain relationships in hospital practice. Journal of Health, Organisation and Management, 27(2), 171–192.
https://doi.org/10.1108/14777261311321761
Caruso, C. C. (2014). Negative impacts of shiftwork and long work hours. Rehabilitation Nursing?: The Official Journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, 39(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/RNJ.107
Chen, W., Zhou, S., Zheng, W., & Wu, S. (2022). Investigating the Relationship between Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Chinese Generalist Teachers in Rural Primary Schools: A Serial Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH192114427
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout. The Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621. https://doi.org/10.2307/258593
Cox, T., Griffiths, A., & Leka, S. (2008). Work Organization and Work-Related Stress. Occupational Hygiene, Third Edition, 421–432.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470755075.CH28
Gaines, J., & Jermier, J. M. (1983). Emotional Exhaustion in a High Stress Organization. Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 567–586. https://doi.org/10.5465/255907
Greiner, B. A., Leduc, C., O’Brien, C., Cresswell-Smith, J., Rugulies, R., Wahlbeck, K., Abdulla, K., Amann, B. L., Pashoja, A. C., Coppens, E., Corcoran, P., Maxwell, M., Ross, V., de Winter, L., Arensman, E., & Aust, B. (2022). The effectiveness of organisational-level workplace mental health interventions on mental health and wellbeing in construction workers: A systematic review and recommended research agenda. PloS One, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0277114
Isfahani, M. S. (2022). Unpacking burnout intervention effects: Why does it work and who benefits? https://www.t.library2.smu.ca/handle/01/31007
Janssen, M., Heerkens, Y., Kuijer, W., Van Der Heijden, B., & Engels, J. (2018). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on employees’ mental health: A systematic review. PloS One, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0191332
Jonsdottir, I. H., Nordlund, A., Ellbin, S., Ljung, T., Glise, K., Währborg, P., & Wallin, A. (2013). Cognitive impairment in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Stress, 16(2), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2012.708950
Karimi, R., & Alipour, F. (2011). Reduce Job stress in Organizations: Role of Locus of Control. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18). www.ijbssnet.com
Wani, K. S. (2013). Job stress and its impact on employee motivation: a study of a select commercial bank. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN, 2, 13–18. www.ijbmi.org
Kuehnl, A., Seubert, C., Rehfuess, E., von Elm, E., Nowak, D., & Glaser, J. (2019). Human resource management training of supervisors for improving health and well-being of employees. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010905.pub2
Kumareswaran, S., & Kumareswaran, S. (2023). Burnout among Employees: A Narrative Review. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.24018/EJSOCIAL.2023.3.2.410
Kumareswaran, S., Muhadi, S. U., Sathasivam, J., & Sundram, balaBala M. (2022). Job Satisfaction Among Administrative Staff in Health Department. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(11), e001892–e001892.
https://doi.org/10.47405/MJSSH.V7I11.1892
Kumareswaran, S., Muhadi, U., Farhan, A., & Sathasivam, J. (2023). Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Cognitive Failures among Employees. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 16–22.
https://doi.org/10.24018/EJSOCIAL.2023.3.1.381
Kumareswaran, S., Umairah Muhadi, S., Thuraiarasu, V., & Bahru, J. (2022). Prevalence of Burnout and Its Detrimental Effects Among Workers. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(9), e001743–e001743.
https://doi.org/10.47405/MJSSH.V7I9.1743
Luken, M., & Sammons, A. (2016). Systematic Review of Mindfulness Practice for Reducing Job Burnout. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy?: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 70(2), p1-7002250020. https://doi.org/10.5014/AJOT.2016.016956
Moffatt-Bruce, S. D., Nguyen, M. C., Steinberg, B., Holliday, S., & Klatt, M. (2019). Interventions to reduce burnout and improve resilience: Impact on a health system’s outcomes. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 62(3), 432–443.
https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000458
Mukhlis, H., Wilantika, R., Eriyani, T., & Pebrianti, S. (2022). The Impact of Sociodemographic. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2036567/v1
Naghieh, A., Montgomery, P., Bonell, C. P., Thompson, M., & Aber, J. L. (2015). Organisational interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing work-related stress in teachers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(4).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010306.pub2
Nikolova, I., Van Dam, K., Van Ruysseveldt, J., & De Witte, H. (2019). Feeling weary? Feeling insecure? Are all workplace changes bad news? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101842
Peterson, S. A., Wolkow, A. P., Lockley, S. W., O’Brien, C. S., Qadri, S., Sullivan, J. P., Czeisler, C. A., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Barger, L. K. (2019). Associations between shift work characteristics, shift work schedules, sleep and burnout in North American police officers: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030302
Rampling, C. M., Gupta, C. C., Shriane, A. E., Ferguson, S. A., Rigney, G., & Vincent, G. E. (2022). Does knowledge of sleep hygiene recommendations match behaviour in Australian shift workers? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059677
Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 33–61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00032-X
Sarazine, J., Heitschmidt, M., Vondracek, H., Sarris, S., Marcinkowski, N., & Kleinpell, R. (2021). Mindfulness workshops effects on nurses’ burnout, stress, and mindfulness skills. Holistic Nursing Practice, 35(1), 10–18.
https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000378
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/JOB.248
Sutherland, V. J., & Cooper, C. L. (1992). Job stress, satisfaction, and mental health among general practitioners before and after introduction of new contract. British Medical Journal, 304(6841), 1545–1548. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.304.6841.1545
Suyi, Y., Meredith, P., & Khan, A. (2017). Effectiveness of Mindfulness Intervention in Reducing Stress and Burnout for Mental Health Professionals in Singapore. Explore, 13(5), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2017.06.001
Tang, K. (2014). A reciprocal interplay between psychosocial job stressors and worker well-being? A systematic review of the “reversed” effect. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 40(5), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3431
Tian, H., Cao, L., Wang, J., Xu, T., Zhan, Y., & Liu, L. (2013). The complexity of occupational stress electroencephalogram. Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine, 01(01), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.4236/ODEM.2013.11001
Tytherleigh, M. Y., Webb, C., Cooper, C. L., & Ricketts, C. (2005). Occupational stress in UK higher education institutions: A comparative study of all staff categories. Higher Education Research and Development, 24(1), 41–61.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436052000318569
Van Vilsteren, M., van Oostrom, S. H., de Vet, H. C. W., Franche, R. L., Boot, C. R. L., & Anema, J. R. (2015). Workplace interventions to prevent work disability in workers on sick leave. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(10).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006955.pub3
Vassos, M. V., & Nankervis, K. L. (2012). Investigating the importance of various individual, interpersonal, organisational and demographic variables when predicting job burnout in disability support workers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(6), 1780–1791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.04.016
Vidotti, V., Martins, J. T., Galdino, M. J. Q., Ribeiro, R. P., & Robazzi, M. L. do C. C. (2019). Burnout syndrome, occupational stress and quality of life among nursing workers. Enfermeria Global, 18(3), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.6018/EGLOBAL.18.3.325961
Williams, G., Thomas, K., & Smith, A. P. (2017). Stress and Well-Being of University Staff: An Investigation Using the Demands-Resources- Individual Effects (DRIVE) Model and Well-Being Process Questionnaire (WPQ). Psychology, 08(12), 1919–1940. https://doi.org/10.4236/PSYCH.2017.812124
Wilson, F. (2016). Identifying, preventing, and addressing job burnout and vicarious burnout for social work professionals. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 13(5), 479–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2016.1166856