Gender discrimination persists globally and is a fundamental obstacle to achieving peace, prosperity, and sustainable development (Stage, 2022). In Malaysia, workplace sexism affects both men and women, and this study aims to identify its main causes and examine its prevalence and severity. The study collected data from 211 workers using questionnaires and found that gender stereotypes are the primary cause of workplace sexism in Malaysia. Women experience higher levels of gender discrimination than men, and family education and culture influence an individual's attitude in the workplace. The study suggests that fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality can create a more positive and productive work environment as in line with (Singh and Bhakar, 2020). Addressing workplace sexism is crucial for achieving gender equality and promoting social justice, and the study's findings offer important implications for policymakers, employers, and researchers to develop effective strategies for preventing and addressing workplace gender discrimination (Lai, 2021). Research findings can significantly contribute to workplace profitability, employee retention, job satisfaction, loyalty, and talent recruitment, as noted by (Picincu, 2020; Bank, 2020). This research has shown that gender equality can create a more positive work environment and drive enterprise development as Crawford (2022) points out that promoting gender equality can also reduce inequality within and between countries, promoting sustainable development worldwide.
Alchemer. (2021). What is SPSS and How Does it Benefit Survey Data Analysis? Retrieved from www.alchemer.com: https://www.alchemer.com/resources/blog/what-is-spss/
Alshibly, H. H. (2018). How to determine sample size in quantitative research? Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_determine_sample_size_in_quantitative_research#view=5a4b2f553d7f4b89d837da40
Andrade, C. (2020). Sample Size and its Importance in Research. Retrieved from Sample Size and its Importance in Research
Artifacts. (2020). Why Is Academic Research Important? Your Complete Guide. Retrieved from artifacts.ai: https://artifacts.ai/why-is-academic-research-important/
Bank, T. W. (2020). Gender Equality: Why it Matters, Especially in a Time of Crisis. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2020/04/13/gender-equality-why-itmatters-especially-in-a-time-of-crisis
Boris, E. (2001). Weaving Work and Motherhood. Retrieved from www. researchgate.net: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270953021_Weaving_Work_and_Motherhood
Center, P. R. (2015). Raising Kids and Running a Household: How Working Parents Share the Load. Retrieved from www.pewresearch.org: https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/11/04/raisingkids-and-running-a-household-how-working-parents-share-the-load/
Chetty, P. (2016). Limitations and weakness of quantitative research methods. Retrieved from www.projectguru.in: https://www.projectguru.in/limitations-quantitative-research/
Claudia, F. (2021). Gender Roles in Society: Overview & Examples. Retrieved from study.com: https://study.com/learn/lesson/gender-roles-in-society-overview-examples-how-society-enforces-genderroles.htm
Commission, E. A. (2020). Sex discrimination. Retrieved from
www.equalityhumanrights.com:https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance/sex-discrimination
Crawford, B. (2022). GENDER EQUALITY AT CONCERN: HOW FAR HAVE WE COME? Retrieved from www.concernusa.org: https://www.concernusa.org/story/gender-equality-at-concern-progress/
Cuddy, A. J., & Fiske, S. T. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: towards universal similarities and some differences. The British journal of social psychology, 48(Pt 1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X314935
Davis, M. (2018). Can inequality be blamed on the Agricultural Revolution? Retrieved from www.weforum.org: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-the-agricultural-revolution-made-usinequa
Dilli, S., & Rijpma, A. (2018). Introducing the Historical Gender Equality Index. 57.
Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal, The Source of Malaysia's Official Statistics. (2022). Retrieved from
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthree&menu_id=UEg1NkpJUFYzRzBKclE4V2JEb2I3QT09
Eisenberg. (2019). What Does Male Gender Discrimination Look Like? Retrieved from www.eandblaw.com: https://www.eandblaw.com/uncategorized/2019/02/04/what-does-male-genderdiscrimination-look-like/
Fernando, J. (2021). R-Squared Formula, Regression, and Interpretations. Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/r-squared.asp
Fisher, G. K., & Findling, M. G. (2019). Gender discrimination in the United States:. Experiences of Women, 12.
Furer, H. B. (1969). The American City: A Catalyst for the Women's Rights Movement.
Karaca, N. (2011). The Position of Women in Social and Economic Life: A Comparison between the EU and Turkey. Eurasian Econ Rev 1, 66–94 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.14208/BF03353825
Kubala, K. (2021). Effects of gender discrimination on health. Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/effects-of-genderdiscrimination
Lai, C. W. (2021). The prevalence and causes of gender discrimination in the workplace in Malaysia. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 11(1), 12-23.
Larson, M. (2006). Descriptive Statistics and Graphical Displays. AHA Journals. Circulation, 114(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.584474
Lewis, D. (2019). Gender inequality arose 8000 years ago. Retrieved from cosmosmagazine.com: https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/gender-inequality-arose-8000-years-ago/
Mahidin, D. S. (2020). Statistics on Women Empowerment In Selected Domains, Malaysia, 2020. Retrieved from www.dosm.gov.my:
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=444&bul_id=QlliTUxPQnhrR2tVa2kyOFpkWmhaZz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09
Manuel, N., & Koh, E. H. (2019). Advancing gender equality in Malaysia. Retrieved from www.theedgemarkets.com: https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/advancing-gender-equality-malaysia
Marks, J. (2009). Family Patterns of Gender Role Attitudes. Sex roles, 61(3-4), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9619-3
McArthur, J. W. (2022). The global challenge of gender equality: Welcoming Caren Grown to Brookings. Retrieved from www.brookings.edu:
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/futuredevelopment/2022/04/11/the-global-challenge-of-gender-equality-welcoming-caren-grown-to-brookings/
Parker, K. (2015). Women more than men adjust their careers for family life. Retrieved from www.pewresearch.org: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/01/women-more-than-menadjust-their-careers-for-family-life/
Picincu, A. (2020). What Are the Advantages of a Diverse Workforce? Retrieved from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-diverse-workforce-18780.html
Pickering, M. (2015). Stereotyping and Stereotypes.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663202. wberen046
Picq, D. F. (2022). The History of Feminist Movements in France. Retrieved from francoisepicq.fr: http://francoisepicq.fr/the-history-of-feminist-movements-in-france/
Rabia, M., & Tanveer, F. (2019). Gender Inequality: A Case Study in Pakistan. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 369-379. doi: 10.4236/jss.2019.73031
Sheng, L. (2020). More Than 50% of Malaysian Women Experienced Gender Discrimination in the Workplace. Retrieved from wao.org.my: https://wao.org.my/more-than-50-of-malaysian-womenexperienced-gender-discrimination-in-the-workplace/
Singh, S. (2018). Sampling Techniques. Retrieved from towardsdatascience.com: https://towardsdatascience.com/sampling-techniques-a4e34111d808
Singh, N., & Bhakar, S. (2020). Gender discrimination at workplace: A study of women employees in India. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(9), 1191-1204.
Smith, J. (2016). Gender as a Socially Constructed Phenomenon. 14. Retrieved from digitalcommons.winthrop.edu: https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=sewsa
Srinivasan, P. (2020). Interpreting P-Value and R Squared Score on Real-Time Data – Statistical Data Exploration. Retrieved from www.analyticsvidhya.com: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2020/11/interpreting-p-value-and-r-squared-score-on-real-timedata-statistical-data-exploration/
Stage, U. (2022). One UN human rights expert’s fight to eliminate ‘conversion therapies’. Retrieved from news.un.org: https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/02/1112242
Stage, S. (2022). Gender equality and women's rights. United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/gender-equality-and-womens-rights/
Team, C. (2022). Regression Analysis. Retrieved from corporatefinanceinstitute.com: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/regression-analysis/
Tizmaghz, J. (2021). Malaysia: Government Steps Up Attacks on LGBT People. Retrieved from www.hrw.org: https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/01/25/malaysia-government-steps-attacks-lgbt-people
Tribune, F. (2016). Pregnant Women in Malaysia Likely to Get Fired. Retrieved from financialtribune.com: https://financialtribune.com/articles/people/47769/pregnant-women-in-malaysialikely-to-get-fired
Ullrich, R. (2022). The Development of Gender Role Attitudes during Adolescence.
UNESCO. (2017). Gender equality through school: providing a safe and inclusive learning environment. Retrieved from gem-report-2017.unesco.org: https://gem-report 2017.unesco.org/en/chapter/gender_accountability_through_school/
Villines, Z. (2021). What is sexism? Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-sexism
