The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound and unanticipated impact on the hospitality business globally. In particular, employees who work in quarantine repatriation programs face detrimental challenges during the pandemic, which may result in well-being crises. This study explores employees' fear of Covid-19, mental health, and intention to leave the hotel when the repatriation program was conducted in Indonesia. 82 repatriation hotel employees were examined through an online questionnaire to assess the study framework. This study found that employees' fear of Covid-19 significantly impacted employees’ mental health, and mental health strongly affected employees’ turnover. However, the turnover intention was not correlated with employees’ fear of Covid-19. While only a few studies have been discussed for this program, these findings contribute to tourism and hospitality studies in the context of quarantine repatriation programs provided by the government during pandemics. Hotel managers urgently need to implement sustainable encouragement programs to reduce employee mental health issues to mitigate anxiety, depression, and stress.
Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., & Ahmad, A. (2020). Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems. Asian J Psychiatr. 51:102092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Al-Hanawi, M. K., Mwale, M. L., Alshareef, N., Qattan, A. M. N., Angawi, K., Almubark, R. (2020). Psychological distress amongst health workers and the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Risk Management Health Policy. 13:733–42. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S264037
Buckley, R. W. D. (2020). Mental health rescue effects of women’s outdoor tourism: a role in COVID-19 recovery. Ann Tour Res. 85:103041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103041
Byrd, E. K., Her, A., Fan, B., Almanza, Y., Liu, S., Leitch. (2021). Restaurants and COVID-19: what are consumers’ risk perceptions about restaurant food and its packaging during the pandemic?. Int. J. Hosp. Manag., 94 (2021), Article 102821
Chen, C., Suiwen, Z., & Chen, M. H. (2022). The fear of being infected and fired: Examining the dual job stressors of hospitality employees during COVID-19, International Journal of Hospitality Management. 102, 103131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103131.
De los Santos, J. A. A., & Labrague, L. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being and turnover intentions of frontline nurses in the community: a cross-sectional study in the Philippines. medRxiv. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.2016741132
De Neve, J.-E., Diener, E. L., & Tay, C. X. (2013). The objective benefits of subjective Well-being. Publisher: UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Editors: John Helliwell, Richard Layard, J Sachs.
Bajrami, D. D., Terzic, A., Petrovic, M. D. (2020). Radovanovic, Milan; Tretiakova, Tatiana N.& Hadoud, A. Will we have the same employees in hospitality after all? The impact of COVID-19 on employeesâ work attitudes and turnover intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 102754–. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102754
Dincer, D., & Gocer, O. (2021). Quarantine Hotels: The Adaptation of Hotels for Quarantine Use in Australia. Buildings 2021, 11, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/ buildings11120617
Djeebet H. (2020). What is the Impact of COVID-19 on the Global Hospitality Industry? Available online at: https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4098062.html (accessed April 30, 2020).
Dong, H., Yang, F., Lu, X., & Hao, W. (2020). Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Front Psychiatr. 11:00751. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00751
Galea, S., Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). The mental health consequences of COVID- 19 and physical distancing: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Intern Med. 180:817–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results, and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12.
Hall, R. C. W., & Chapman, M. J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. (2008) 30:446–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.003
Hang, H., Aroean, L., & Chen, L. (2020). Building emotional attachment during COVID- 19. Ann Tour Res. 83:103006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103006
Kamila, A. (2015). A structure of leadership styles based on the Toyatrity model in the chosen hotel. J Competitiveness. 7:53–70. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2015.01.04
Khattak, S. R., Saeed, I., Rehman, U. S., & Fayaz, M. (2020). Impact of fear of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses in Pakistan. J Loss Trauma. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1814580
Kolkova A. (2020). The application of forecasting sales of services to increase business competitiveness. J Competitiveness. 12:90–105. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2020.02.06
Parasuraman, S. (1982). Predicting turnover intentions and turnover behavior: A multivariate analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 21 (1),111-121, ISSN 0001-8791. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(82)90056-2.
Park, J., & Min, H. K. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: a meta-analysis. Int. J. Hosp. Management., 90 (2020), Article 102599.
Pavlou, P. A., Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: an extension of the theory of planned behavior. Manag Inf Syst Q. 30:115–43. https://doi.org.10.2307/25148720
Quintana, T. A., Nguyen, T. H. H., Cabrera, Y. A., & Sanabria-Diaz, J. M. (2021). Do job insecurity, anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influence hotel employees’ self-rated task performance? The moderating role of employee resilience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102868.
Rosemberg, M. A. (2020). Health and safety considerations for hotel cleaners during Covid-19. Occup Med. 70:382–3. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa053
Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 8:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
Schwepker, Jr. C. H., & Dimitriou, C. K. (2021). Using ethical leadership to reduce job stress and improve performance quality in the hospitality industry. Int. J. Hosp. Manag., 94 (2021), Article 102860
Shehzad, K., Sarfraz, M., & Shah S. G. M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 as a necessary evil on air pollution in India during the lockdown. Environ. Pollut. 266:115080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115080
Sinclair, R. R., Probst, T. M., Watson, G. P., & Bazzoli, A. (2021). Caught between scylla and charybdis: how economic stressors and occupational risk factors influence workers’ occupational health reactions to COVID?19. Appl. Psychol., 70 (1) (2021), 85-119
Statista Research Department. (2021), Number of employees in hotels and similar establishments in Indonesia from 2009 to 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008888/total-number-employees-in-hotels-and-similar-establishments-indonesia/ [18 January 2021]
Teng, Y-M., Wu, K-S., & Xu, D. (2021). The Association Between Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019, Mental Health, and Turnover Intention Among Quarantine Hotel Employees in China. Front. Public Health 9:668774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.668774
Vigoda, E. (2000). Organizational politics, job attitudes, and work outcomes: exploration and implications for the public sector. J Vocat Behav. (2000) 57:326–47. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.174234
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav. Immun. 87:40–8. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
World Health Organization. Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations During the COVID-19 Outbreak. (2020). Available online at: https://apps.who. int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331490/WHO-2019-nCoV-MentalHealth- 2020.1-eng.pdf
Yao, Y., Tian, Y., Zhou, J., Diao, X., Di, L., & Wang, S. (2020). Impact of population emigration from Wuhan and medical support on COVID-19 infection in China. J Epidemiol Glob Health. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.2011 21.001
Zhang, C., Cui, R., & Xu, C. (2020). COVID-19 and the Chinese Hotel Sector. Available online at: https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4097852.html (accessed April 30, 2020).
Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital. Precis. Clin Med. 3:3–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006
Zhang, K., Hou, Y., & Li, G. (2020). Threat of infectious disease during an outbreak: Influence on tourists’ emotional responses to disadvantaged price inequality. Ann Tour Res. 84:102993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102993