International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

How We Survive The Covid-19 Pandemic? Perspectives of Food Hawkers’ Businesses Performances

Open access

Nur Izzati Rusli, Chemah Tamby Chik, Aslinda Mohd Shahril, Nor Hadirah Mustafa Kamal, Abdul Khabir Rahmat

Pages 111-126 Received: 01 Mar, 2023 Revised: 02 Apr, 2023 Published Online: 02 May, 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v13-i5/9027
Malaysia is one of the many countries affected by COVID-19, socially and economically. One of the sectors most affected was the food hawkers. Thus, this study measured the food hawker business thriving efforts during the pandemic. Specifically, the study’s objectives are to determine the Impact of a movement control order on food hawker businesses’ performances and determine the moderating effect of digitalization on food hawker businesses’ performances. Two hundred and twenty-two (222) data were collected from food hawkers in Selangor, Kedah, and Terengganu between February and March 2021. At the time, Malaysia was under movement control order (MCO) 2.0. Thus, data were collected online via google form and distributed to businesses through the Whatsapp application. The data were then analyzed using SPSS v24 for descriptive analysis and multiple regression relationships. It was found that there is a relationship between MCO and food hawker business with a standard beta coefficient of 0.836. Digitalization strongly impacts food hawker businesses with a 0.886 standard beta coefficient. Even though food businesses were severely affected during MCO, the digitalization movement impacted sustaining the businesses.
Abdullah, E. A. (2021). Small businesses Grab-bing the chance to expand online. NSTOnline.https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2021/05/688415/small-businesses-grab-bing-chance-expand-online (accessed July 2021).
Abrahale, K., Sousa, S., Albuquerque, G., Padrao, P., & Lunet, N. (2019). Street food research worldwide: a scoping review. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 32(2), 152–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12604 (accessed December 2020).
Allain, F. W. (n.d.). Street foods in developing countries: lessons from Asia. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/U3550t/u3550t08.htm
Ashley. (2021). 5 Reasons Why Food Delivery Business Needs a Delivery App in 2021. BestWeb Technologies. https://bestweb.com.my/5-reasons-why-food-delivery-business-needs-a-delivery-app-in-2021/ (accessed July 2021).
Babulal, V. (2021). MCO regulations still ambiguous; eateries want SOP in black and white. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/02/667173/mco-regulations-still-ambiguous-eateries-want-sop-black-and-white (accessed July 2021).
Bezerra, I. N. (2020). Away-from-home food during coronavirus pandemic. Public Health Nutrition, 23(10), 1855. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020001470 (accessed February 2021).
Billings-Smith, L. (2018). Retrieved from https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/ready-eat-food-10135.html
Brennen, J. S., & Kreiss, D. (2016). Digitalization.
Chai, L. T., & Yat, N. C. (2019). Online Food Delivery Services: Making Food Delivery the New
Cheema, S. (2020 April, 17). Malaysian street food vendors are not making money. Mashable SE Asia.
De', R., Pandey, N., & Pal, A. (2020). Impact of digital surge during COVID-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102171.
Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal. (2021). Key Statistics of Labour Force in Malaysia, March 2021.
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=124&bul_id=Ty9BVWN6cUtkYnhrK0ZpMCtCL2NPQT09&menu_id=Tm8zcnRjdVRNWWlpWjRlbmtlaDk1UT09 (accessed July 2021).
Dunnett, S. (2003). Literature review: street foods. Energy and street food project completion report. Intermediate Technology Group. (accessed 06.10.10). EIU, 2009. Singapore Country Pro?le. Economist Intelligence Unit, London.
Fauvelle, L. (2019). Qualitative research: open-ended and closed-ended questions. Into The Minds. https://www.intotheminds.com/blog/en/qualitative-research-open-and-closed-ended-questions/ (accessed January 2021).
Fong, S. J., Dey, N., & Chaki, J. (2020). An Introduction to Covid-19. Nature Public Health Emergency Collection, June 23: 1-22. PMCID: PMC7307707
Hays-Mitchell, M. (1994). Streetvending in Peruvian Cities: The Spatio-Temporal Behavior of Ambulantes. The Professional Geographer, Vol.46(4) 425-438.
Henderson, J. C., Yun, O. S., Poon, P., & Biwei, X. (2012). Hawker centres as tourist attractions: The case of Singapore. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 849–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.10.002 (accessed November 2020).
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect111
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu., X., Cheng., Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wyhan, China. Lancet, 2020 Feb 15; 395(10223):496. PMID: 32007144
International Labour Organization-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (ILO-OECD). (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on jobs and incomes in G20 economies. Paper prepared for G20 Leaders Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency 2020.
Krell, T., Braesemann, F., Stephany, F., Friederici, N., & Meier, P. (2020). A Mixed-Method Landscape Analysis of SME-focused Platforms in Germany. In ISPIM Conference Proceedings (pp. 1-13). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM).
Kumar, C. D. (2015). World Association of Chefs Societies. Retrieved from https://www.worldchefs.org/worldnews/05dfb5ac392306ffd7bbed67db575d31df63673b#:~:text=The%20roots%20of%20street%20food,not%20have%20ovens%20or%20hearths.
Malek, M. A., Sonobe, T., & Truong, H. T. (2021). Changes in the rural economy in Bangladesh under COVID-19 lockdown measures: Evidence from a phone survey of Mahbub Hossain sample households.
McKinsey & Company (2020). How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point – and transformed business forever. Media Statement by Prime Minister’s Office. https//:pmo.gov.my/media-statement/
Mobin, M. A., Masih, M., and Alhanshi, S. O. (2017). Religion of Islam and Microfinance: does it make any difference?:, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol.53(7),1547-1562.
Mustafa, F., Khursheed, A., Fatima, M., & Rao, M. (2021). Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women entrepreneurs in Pakistan, Int J of Gender and Enterpreneurship, Vol.13(2),187-203.
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research Policy, Vol.48(8).103773.
Nathan, L. (2020). Food delivery’s trajectory continues post-MCO. The Malaysian Reserve.
Normal. Journal of Marketing Advances and Practices. Vol.1(1):62-77.
Povera, A., & Harun, H. N. (2021). No dine-ins in MCO areas. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/01/656453/no-dine-ins-mco-areas (accessed July 2021).
Pung, R., Chiew, C. J., & Young, B. E. (2020). Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in singapore: Implications for surveillance and response measures. The Lancet, Vol.395(10229), P1039-1046.
Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Muller, C., Vorraber, W., & Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. 30 (8). 1143-1160. doi: 10.1108. JMTM-01-2018-0020.
Kim, R. Y. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Consumers: Preparing for Digital Sales. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9076858
Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Rinehart Winston, NY.
Thum, Y. (2021). CMCO Malaysia: 2 Things F&B Businesses Need in 2021. StoreHub Academy | Rocket Fuel for Your Business. https://www.storehub.com/blog/malaysia-fnb-business-new-normal/ (accessed July 2021).
Tinker, I. (1997). Street Foods: Urban Food and Employment in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, New York.
Tinker, I. (2003). Street foods: traditional microenterprise in a modernising world. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 16 (3), 331–349.
Tong, A., & Gong, R. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on SME digitalisation in Malaysia. LSE Southeast Asia Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/seac/2020/10/20/the-impact-of-COVID-19-on-sme-digitalisation-in-malaysia/ (accessed January 2021).
Yasmeen, G. (2001). Workers in the urban informal food sector: Innovative organizing strategies. Food, nutrition and agriculture, (29), 32-43.