International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Relationship Between Nutritional Care Practices and Burden of Caregivers for Bedridden Elderly

Open access

Normala Riza, Lukman @ Zawawi Mohamad, Azlini Chik, Siti Hajar Abdul Rauf, Sabri Sulaiman

Pages 78-88 Received: 01 Mar, 2023 Revised: 03 Apr, 2023 Published Online: 02 May, 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v13-i5/9023
This study aims to determine the influence of nutritional care practices for the bedridden elderly at home on the burden borne by caregivers. The nutritional care practices for the bedridden elderly at home was used to evaluate the level of care practices provided by caregivers. Whereas caregivers’ burden was used to determine the level of burden borne by caregivers when caring for the bedridden elderly at home. This quantitative study used the survey technique to address the research questions and achieve the objectives. Questionnaires were distributed to 127 caregivers of bedridden elderlies living at home. Data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 software and analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Findings indicate that nutritional care practices provided by caregivers are at a moderate level, while caregivers bore a low to moderate level of burden. In addition, there is a significant relationship between nutritional care practices and caregivers’ level of burden. A series of interventions or practices relevant to the nutritional management of bedridden elderlies should be introduced for the well-being of the elderly and caregivers in the future.
Abizanda, P., Sinclair, A., Barcons, N., Lizan, L., & Rodriguez-Manas, L. (2016). Costs of malnutrition in institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(1), 17-23.
Ahmed, T., & Haboubi, N. (2010). Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 5, 207.
Alhosis, K., Qalawa, S., & Abd El-Moneem, D. (2012). Effect of designed pressure ulcer prevention program on caregivers' knowledge of immobilized patients. Journal of American Science, 8(12), 939-948.
Amaral, T. F., Santos, A., Guerra, R. S., Sousa, A. S., Alvares, L., Valdiviesso, R., ... & Borges, N. (2016). Nutritional strategies facing an older demographic: the nutrition UP 65 study protocol. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(3), e184.
Artaza-Artabe, I., Saez-Lopez, P., Sanchez-Hernandez, N., Fernandez-Gutierrez, N., & Malafarina, V. (2016). The relationship between nutrition and frailty: Effects of protein intake, nutritional supplementation, vitamin D and exercise on muscle metabolism in the elderly. A systematic review. Maturitas, 93, 89-99.
Ball, L., Jansen, S., Desbrow, B., Morgan, K., Moyle, W., & Hughes, R. (2015). Experiences and nutrition support strategies in dementia care: Lessons from family carers. Nutrition & Dietetics, 72(1), 22-29.
Bartali, B., Frongillo, E. A., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., Semba, R. D., Fried, L. P., & Ferrucci, L. (2006). Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(6), 589-593.
Bekdemir, A., & Ilhan, N. (2019). Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of bedridden patients. The Journal of Nursing Research, 27(3), e24.
Blackburn, M., Bruhn, C., Miller, L., Ganthavorn, C., & Ober, B. (2014). Seniors, and their food handlers and caregivers, need food safety and nutrition education. California Agriculture, 68(1), 30-37.
Chen, M. C., Chen, K. M., & Chu, T. P. (2015). Caregiver burden, health status, and learned resourcefulness of older caregivers. Western journal of nursing research, 37(6), 767-780.
Chiao, C. Y., Wu, H. S., & Hsiao, C. Y. (2015). Caregiver burden for informal caregivers of patients with dementia: A systematic review. International nursing review, 62(3), 340-350.
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current directions in psychological science, 1(3), 98-101.
Eljedi, A., ElDaharja, T., & Dukhan, N. (2015). Effect of an educational program on a family caregiver’s prevention and management of pressure ulcers in bedridden patients after discharge from hospitals in Palestine. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 4(5), 600.
Favaro-Moreira, N. C., Krausch-Hofmann, S., Matthys, C., Vereecken, C., Vanhauwaert, E., Declercq, A., ... & Duyck, J. (2016). Risk factors for malnutrition in older adults: a systematic review of the literature based on longitudinal data. Advances in Nutrition, 7(3), 507-522.
Fernandez-Barres, S., Garcia-Barco, M., Basora, J., Martinez, T., Pedret, R., & Arija, V. (2017). The efficacy of a nutrition education intervention to prevent risk of malnutrition for dependent elderly patients receiving Home Care: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 70, 131-141.
Ganapathy, V., Graham, G. D., DiBonaventura, M. D., Gillard, P. J., Goren, A., & Zorowitz, R. D. (2015). Caregiver burden, productivity loss, and indirect costs associated with caring for patients with poststroke spasticity. Clinical interventions in aging, 10, 1793.
Given, B., Sherwood, P. R., & Given, C. W. (2008). What knowledge and skills do caregivers need? Journal of Social Work Education, 44(sup3), 115-123.
Hestevik, C. H., Molin, M., Debesay, J., Bergland, A., & Bye, A. (2020). Older patients’ and their family caregivers’ perceptions of food, meals and nutritional care in the transition between hospital and home care: a qualitative study. BMC Nutrition, 6(1), 1-13.
Janssen, I., Shepard, D. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Roubenoff, R. (2004). The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(1), 80-85.
Kapucu, S., Turkan, S. K., & Fesci, H. (2009). Family caregivers’ difficulties in caring for bedridden stroke patients. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal, 16(3), 17-31.
Keller, H. H., Smith, D., Kasdorf, C., Dupuis, S., Schindel Martin, L., Edward, G., ... & Genoe, R. (2008). Nutrition education needs and resources for dementia care in the community. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, 23(1), 13-22.
Khazaeipour, Z., Rezaei-Motlagh, F., Ahmadipour, E., Azarnia-Ghavam, M., Mirzababaei, A., Salimi, N., & Salehi-Nejad, A. (2017). Burden of care in primary caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury in Iran: its association with sociodemographic factors. Spinal Cord, 55(6), 595-600.
Kissal, A., Kurt, G., Koç, M., Citil, R., Gulp?nar, S., & Onder, Y. (2019). Knowledge and skill needs of home caregivers and their care burden perceptions. Journal of Human Sciences, 16(3), 833-845.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Labossiere, R., & Bernard, M. A. (2008). Nutritional considerations in institutionalized elders. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 11(1), 1-6.
Lacey, R. E., McMunn, A., & Webb, E. (2019). Informal caregiving patterns and trajectories of psychological distress in the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Psychological medicine, 49(10), 1652-1660.
Lai, D. W. (2012). Effect of financial costs on caregiving burden of family caregivers of older adults. Sage Open, 2(4).
Landi, F., Calvani, R., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Ortolani, E., Savera, G., Sisto, A. & Marzetti, E. (2016). Anorexia of aging: risk factors, consequences, and potential treatments. Nutrients, 8(2), 69.
Landi, F., Laviano, A., & Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. (2010). The anorexia of aging: Is it a geriatric syndrome? Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 11(3), 153-156.
Lauque, S., Arnaud?Battandier, F., Gillette, S., Plaze, J. M., Andrieu, S., Cantet, C., & Vellas, B. (2004). Improvement of weight and fat?free mass with oral nutritional supplementation in patients with Alzheimer's disease at risk of malnutrition: a prospective randomized study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(10), 1702-1707.
Lingler, J. H., Sereika, S. M., Amspaugh, C. M., Arida, J. A., Happ, M. E., Houze, M. P., ... & Erlen, J. A. (2016). An intervention to maximize medication management by caregivers of persons with memory loss: Intervention overview and two-month outcomes. Geriatric Nursing, 37(3), 186-191.
Locher, J. L., Ritchie, C. S., Robinson, C. O., Roth, D. L., Smith West, D., & Burgio, K. L. (2008). A multidimensional approach to understanding under-eating in homebound older adults: the importance of social factors. The Gerontologist, 48(2), 223-234.
Loh, A. Z., Tan, J. S., Zhang, M. W., & Ho, R. C. (2017). The global prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of stroke survivors. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 18(2), 111-116.
Lyons, B. P. (2014). Nutrition education intervention with community-dwelling older adults: research challenges and opportunities. Journal of Community Health, 39(4), 810-818.
Ma, H. P., Lu, H. J., Xiong, X. Y., Yao, J. Y., & Yang, Z. (2014). The investigation of care burden and coping style in caregivers of spinal cord injury patients. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1(2), 185-190.
Mamhidir, A. G., Ljunggren, G., Kihlgren, M., Kihlgren, A., & Wimo, A. (2006). Underweight, weight loss and related risk factors among older adults in sheltered housing-a Swedish follow-up study. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 10(4), 255.
Masia, T. A., Mushaphi, L. F., Mabapa, N. S., & Mbhenyane, X. G. (2020). Nutrition knowledge and care practices of home-based caregivers in Vhembe District, South Africa. African Health Sciences, 20(2), 912-922.
McMillan, S. C., & Moody, L. E. (2003). Hospice patient and caregiver congruence in reporting patients’ symptom intensity. Cancer Nursing, 26(2), 113-118.
Mendes, P. N., Figueiredo, M. D. L. F., Santos, A. M. R. D., Fernandes, M. A., & Fonseca, R. S. B. (2019). Physical, emotional and social burden of elderly patients’informal caregivers. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 32, 87-94.
Messenger, G., Taha, N., Sabau, S., AlHubail, A., & Aldibbiat, A. M. (2019). Is there a role for informal caregivers in the management of diabetic foot ulcers? A narrative review. Diabetes Therapy, 1-9.
Morley, J. E. (2012). Anorexia of aging: a true geriatric syndrome. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 16(5), 422-425.
Namasivayam-MacDonald, A. M., & Shune, S. E. (2018). The burden of dysphagia on family caregivers of the elderly: a systematic review. Geriatrics, 3(2), 30.
National Council on Aging. (2021). SNAP and senior hunger facts. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-snap-and-senior-hunger.
Normah, C. D., Po Mee, S., Dan Rohani, I. (2009). Beban Penjaga Tidak Formal dan Hubungannya dengan Status Fizikal dan Mental Pesakit Geriatrik. Kertas Kerja Persidangan Psikologi Malaysia 2009. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 18-20 November.
Nyberg, M., Olsson, V., Pajalic, Z., Ortman, G., Andersson, H. S., Blucher, A., Wendin, K., & Westergren, A. (2015). Eating difficulties, nutrition, meal preferences and experiences among elderly: a literature overview from a Scandinavian context. Journal of Food Research, 4(1), 22-37.
Okada, K., Yamagami, H., Sawada, S., Nakanishi, M., Tamaki, M., Ohnaka, M., Sakamoto, S., Niwa, Y., & Nakaya, Y. (2001). The nutritional status of elderly bed-ridden patients receiving tube feeding. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 47(3), 236-241.
Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS (Edisi ke-3). Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Pauly, L., Stehle, P., & Volkert, D. (2007). Nutritional situation of elderly nursing home residents. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 40(1), 3-12.
Payette, H., Coulombe, C., Boutier, V., & Gray-Donald, K. (1999). Weight loss and mortality among free-living frail elders: a prospective study. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54(9), M440-M445.
Pivi, G. A., Da Silva, R. V., Juliano, Y., Novo, N. F., Okamoto, I. H., Brant, C. Q., & Bertolucci, P. H. (2011). A prospective study of nutrition education and oral nutritional supplementation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition Journal, 10 (1): 98.
Riffin, C., Van Ness, P. H., Wolff, J. L., & Fried, T. (2019). Multifactorial examination of caregiver burden in a national sample of family and unpaid caregivers. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(2), 277-283.
Riviere, S., Gillette-Guvonnet, S., Voisin, T., Reynish, E., Andrieu, S., Lauque, S., Salva, A., Frisoni, G., Nourhashemi, F., Micas, M., & Vellas, B. (2001). A nutritional education program could prevent weight loss and slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 5(4), 295-299.
Rodakowski, J., Skidmore, E. R., Rogers, J. C., & Schulz, R. (2012). Role of social support in predicting caregiver burden. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(12), 2229-2236.
Rullier, L., Lagarde, A., Bouisson, J., Bergua, V., & Barberger?Gateau, P. (2013). Nutritional status of community?dwelling older people with dementia: associations with individual and family caregivers' characteristics. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(6), 580-588.
Sahyoun, N. R., & Vaudin, A. (2014). Home?delivered meals and nutrition status among older adults. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 29(4), 459-465.
Salleh, R., Man, C. S., Ahmad, M. H., Palaniveloo, L., Zulkafly, N., Ab. Halim, S. A., ... & Ibrahim Wong, N. (2020). Factors contributing to food insecurity among older persons in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018. Geriatrics & gerontology international, 20, 73-78.
Salva, A., Andrieu, S., Fernandez, E., Schiffrin, E. J., Moulin, J., Decarli, B., Rojano-i-Luque, X., Guigoz, Y., Vellas, B. (2011). Health and nutrition promotion program for patients with dementia (NutriAlz): cluster randomized trial. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 15(10), 822-830.
Schumacher, K. L., Stewart, B. J., Archbold, P. G., Dodd, M. J., & Dibble, S. L. (2000). Family caregiving skill: development of the concept. Research in nursing & health, 23(3), 191-203.
Silva, P., Kergoat, M. J., & Shatenstein, B. (2013). Challenges in managing the diet of older adults with early-stage Alzheimer dementia: a caregiver perspective. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 17(2), 142-147.
Suzana, S., Chong, H. Y., Lee, Y. H., Nurfatina, M. D., Nurwahidayu, A. W., Siah, P. J., ... & Rosdinom, R. (2014). Association between caregiver burden with feeding problems andfunctional status of patients with dementia. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 20(1), 27-37.
Tana, C., Lauretani, F., Ticinesi, A., Gionti, L., Nouvenne, A., Prati, B., ... & Maggio, M. (2019). Impact of nutritional status on caregiver burden of elderly outpatients. A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 11(2), 281.
Unver, V., Basak, T., Tosun, N., Aslan, O., & Akbayrak, N. (2016). Care burden and self-efficacy levels of family caregivers of elderly people in Turkey. Holistic nursing practice, 30(3), 166-173.
Vailas, L. I., Nitzke, S. A., Becker, M., & Gast, J. (1998). Risk indicators for programs for older adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(5), 548-553.
Van der Pols-Vijlbrief, R., Wijnhoven, H. A., Molenaar, H., & Visser, M. (2016).Factors associated with (risk of) undernutrition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. Public Health Nutrition, 19(12), 2278-2289.
Villar-Taibo, R., Martinez-Olmos, M. A., Bellido-Guerrero, D., Calleja-Fernandez, A., Peino Garcia, R., Martis-Sueiro, A., ... & Rojo-Valdes, J. (2017). Burden assessment in caregivers of patients with home artificial nutrition: a need and a challenge. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(2), 192-197.
Volkert, D., Berner, Y. N., Berry, E., Cederholm, T., Bertrand, P. C., Milne, A., ... & Lochs, H. (2006). ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: geriatrics. Clinical Nutrition, 25(2), 330-360.
Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20(6), 649-655.