International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Boasting and Gloating: How Social Media Networks Motivate Consumers to "Show Off" their Counterfeit Branded Fashion Goods?

Open access
The prominence of social media networks inspires consumers to "fake" their material belongings and lifestyles by consuming counterfeit branded fashion goods. The gravity to ‘keep up with the Joneses' through fashion and trends contributed to the plethora of counterfeit fashion brands in the physical and virtual marketplace, leading to social and economic quandaries in the branded fashion goods industry. Consumer demand has been an absolute reason for the skyrocketing counterfeit markets. Thus, these dark markets pose the most critical challenge for luxury brand manufacturers in discouraging consumers from participating in counterfeiting activities. Based on a hermeneutic phenomenology study, this research endeavoured to explore an exhaustive and contextualised account of consumer consumption experiences on the purchase of counterfeit branded fashion goods through in-depth interviews. The researchers employed the phenomenology approach to probe into the living experience of consumers involved in counterfeit branded fashion goods consumption. The data were analysed using thematic analysis, and four themes materialised from this study; inadequacy, showing off, branded value buy and dedicated. It substantiated, consumers obsessed with displaying their material possessions promoted a "logofication" culture and lifestyle. Consequently, consumers utilise social media networks to show off their fake material objects, allowing them to emulate their material possession without being caught by others. Social media networks facilitate consumers to feel more secure, thus authorising them to build their desired self-image without spending much on showcasing the original brands. Ultimately, it fosters a conspicuous lifestyle. This analysis adds facts to counterfeit branded fashion goods, and consumer behaviour as the emerging themes represent the actual experiences captured from the consumers who are continuously involved in counterfeit consumption practice without feeling anxious and exposed to psychosocial risks. Further, this research contributes to scholastic and organisational proficiency in the Malaysian context by comprehending the exact grounds of counterfeit consumption.
Ahuvia, A., Gistri, G., Romani, S., & Pace, S. (2013). What is the Harm in Fake Luxury Brands? Moving Beyond the Conventional Wisdom. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-4399-6
Amaral, N. B., & Loken, B. (2016). Viewing usage of counterfeit luxury goods: Social identity and social hierarchy effects on dilution and enhancement of Genuine Luxury Brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2016.02.004
Bagheri, M. (2014). Luxury Consumer Behavior in Malaysia: Loud Brands vs.Quiet Brands. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 316–324.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.037
Batra, R., Ahuvia, A., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2012). Brand love. Journal of Marketing, 76(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.09.0339
Berita Harian. (2020). “Barang tiruan rupanya.”
https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/kes/2020/06/700964/barang-tiruan-rupanya
Bian, X., & Moutinho, L. (2009). An investigation of determinants of counterfeit purchase consideration. Journal of Business Research, 62(3), 368–378.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.012
Bian, X., Wang, K.-Y., Smith, A., & Yannopoulou, N. (2016). New insights into unethical counterfeit consumption. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4249–4258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.02.038
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 00(00), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1704846
Cesareo, L., & Stottinger, B. (2015). United we stand, divided we fall: How firms can engage consumers in their fight against counterfeits. Business Horizons, 58(5), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.05.007
Chen, J., Teng, L., Liu, S., & Zhu, H. (2015). Anticipating regret and consumers’ preferences for counterfeit luxury products ?. Journal of Business Research, 68(3), 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.09.012
Cooper, J. (2007). Cognitive dissonance: Fifty years of a classic theory. In Cognitive Dissonance: Fifty Years of a Classic Theory. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446214282
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry.
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Deutsch, N. L., & Theodorou, E. (2010). Aspiring, Consuming, Becoming: Youth Identity in a Culture of Consumption. Youth & Society, 42(2), 229–254.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X09351279
Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made Me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102345
Efendioglu, I. H. (2019). The Impact of Conspicuous Consumption in Social Media on Purchasing Intentions. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 11(3), 2176–2190. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.732
Evans, P., McPherson, G. E., & Davidson, J. W. (2013). The role of psychological needs in ceasing music and music learning activities. Psychology of Music, 41(5), 600–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735612441736
Fastoso, F., Bartikowski, B., & Wang, S. (2018). The “little emperor” and the luxury brand: How overt and covert narcissism affect brand loyalty and proneness to buy counterfeits. Psychology and Marketing, 35(7), 522–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21103
Fernandes, C. (2013). Analysis of counterfeit fashion purchase behaviour in UAE. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 17(1), 85–97.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13612021311305155
Freedman, J. L. (1964). Involvement, discrepancy, and change. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69(3), 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042717
Fu, P. W., Wu, C. C., & Cho, Y. J. (2017). What makes users share content on facebook? Compatibility among psychological incentive, social capital focus, and content type. Computers in Human Behavior, 67, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.010
Furnham, A., & Valgeirsson, H. (2007). The effect of life values and materialism on buying counterfeit products. Journal of Socio-Economics, 36(5), 677–685.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2007.01.004
Geiger-Oneto, S., Gelb, B. D., Walker, D., & Hess, J. D. (2013). “Buying status” by choosing or rejecting luxury brands and their counterfeits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(3), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-012-0314-5
Gentry, J. W., Putrevu, S., & Shultz, C. J. (2006). The effects of counterfeiting on consumer search. 256(June), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb
Griskevicius, V., & Kenrick, D. T. (2013). Fundamental motives: How evolutionary needs influence consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(3), 372–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2013.03.003
Grotts, A. S., & Johnson, T. W. (2013). Millennial consumers’ status consumption of handbags. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 17(3), 280–293.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-10-2011-0067
Harun, A., Adzwina, N., & Rahman, A. (2012). Why Customers Do Not Buy Counterfeit Luxury Brands? Understanding the Effects of Personality, Perceived Quality and Attitude on Unwillingness to Purchase. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat and Society, 6, 14–29.
Hudders, L., Pandelaere, M., & Vyncke, P. (2013). Consumer meaning making The meaning of luxury brands in a democratised luxury world. International Journal of Market Research, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.2501/IJMR-2013-036
Janssen, C., Vanhamme, J., & Leblanc, S. (2017). Should luxury brands say it out loud? Brand conspicuousness and consumer perceptions of responsible luxury. Journal of Business Research, 77, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.12.009
Jiang, L., & Shan, J. (2016). Counterfeits or Shanzhai? The role of face and brand consciousness in luxury copycat consumption. Psychological Reports, 119(1), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116659316
Johnson, B. K., & Ranzini, G. (2018). Click here to look clever: Self-presentation via selective sharing of music and film on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 82, 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.008
Juggessur, J., & Cohen, G. (2009). Is fashion promoting counterfeit brands? Journal of Brand Management, 16(5–6), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2008.46
Kastanakis, M. N., & Balabanis, G. (2012). Between the mass and the class: Antecedents of the “bandwagon” luxury consumption behavior. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), 1399–1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.005
Kauppinen-Raisanen, H., Bjork, P., Lonnstrom, A., & Jauffret, M. N. (2018). How consumers’ need for uniqueness, self-monitoring, and social identity affect their choices when luxury brands visually shout versus whisper. Journal of Business Research, 84(March), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.012
Key, T. M., Jr, R. E. B., Adjei, M. T., & Campbell, D. A. (2013). Watch out: Themes in timepiece communities of counterfeit consumption. 317(June), 307–317.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cb
Khandeparkar, K., & Motiani, M. (2018). Fake-love: brand love for counterfeits. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 36(6), 661–677. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-11-2017-0278
Kim, J., & Johnson, K. (2014). Shame or pride?: The moderating role of self-construal on moral judgments concerning fashion counterfeits. European Journal of Marketing, 48(7/8). https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2013-0110
Koay, K. Y. (2018). Understanding consumers’ purchase intention towards counterfeit luxury goods: An integrated model of neutralisation techniques and perceived risk theory. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 30(2), 495–516.
https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-05-2017-0100
Krasnova, H., Widjaja, T., Buxmann, P., Wenninger, H., & Benbasat, I. (2015). Why following friends can hurt you: An exploratory investigation of the effects of envy on social networking sites among college-age users. Information Systems Research, 26(3), 585–605. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2015.0588
Krause, H. V., Krasnova, H., Baumann, A., Wagner, A., Deters, F. G., & Buxmann, P. (2019). Keeping up with the Joneses: Instagram use and its influence on conspicuous consumption. 40th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2019, September.
Large, J. (2014). “Get real, don’t buy fakes”: Fashion fakes and flawed policy - the problem with taking a consumer-responsibility approach to reducing the “problem” of counterfeiting. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 15(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895814538039
Latter, C., Phau, I., & Marchegiani, C. (2016). The Roles of Consumers Need for Uniqueness and Status Consumption in Haute Couture Luxury Brands The Roles of Consumers Need for Uniqueness and Status Consumption in Haute Couture Luxury Brands. 2685(December). https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2010.10593072
Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers’ Demand. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183–207. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882692
Malay Mail. (2020). Domestic Trade Ministry: Fake branded clothes worth more than RM1.6m seized in Batu Caves.
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/07/domestic-trade-ministry-fake-branded-clothes-worth-more-than-rm1.6m-seized/1882410
Mazzocco, P. J., Rucker, D. D., Galinsky, A. D., & Anderson, E. T. (2012). Direct and vicarious conspicuous consumption: Identification with low-status groups increases the desire for high-status goods. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(4), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2012.07.002
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass
Miles, M., Huberman, A., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. In Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.25.33.s40
Nordin, M. N. A., Norhashim, M., & Sadrabadi, S. (2013). A Study on Factors Influencing the Intention to Purchase Counterfeits of Luxury Brands. International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM 2013), 978–979.
Moon, M. A., Javaid, B., Kiran, M., Awan, H. M., & Farooq, A. (2018). Consumer perceptions of counterfeit clothing and apparel products attributes. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 36(7), 794–808. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-11-2017-0272
Morra, M. C., Gelosa, V., Ceruti, F., & Mazzucchelli, A. (2018). Original or counterfeit luxury fashion brands? The effect of social media on purchase intention. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 9(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2017.1399079
Hashim, N. M. H., Shah, N. U., & Omar, N. A. (2018). Does counterfeit product quality lead to involvement and purchase intentions? The moderating effects of brand image and social interaction. International Journal of Economics and Management, 12(2), 607–620.
Noesjirwan, J., & Crawford, J. . (1982). OF DRESS FORM AND VIEWERS ’ SOCIAL COMMUNITY. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 54(1), 155–163.
Otero-lopez, J. M., & Villardefrancos, E. (2015). Compulsive buying and life aspirations?: An analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. 76, 166–170.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.013
Ertekin, O. Z., Sevil Oflac, B., & Serbetcioglu, C. (2020). Fashion consumption during economic crisis: Emerging practices and feelings of consumers. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 11(3), 270–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2020.1754269
Patsiaouras, G., & Fitchett, J. A. (2012). The evolution of conspicuous consumption. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(1), 154–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501211195109
Peng, L., Wan, L. C., & Poon, P. S. (2013). Self-Discrepancy and Consumer Responses to Counterfeit Products. In Multinationals and Global Consumers. The AIB Southeast Asia Series (pp. 207–224). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Perez, M. E., Castaño, R., & Quintanilla, C. (2010). Constructing identity through the consumption of counterfeit luxury goods. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 13(3), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522751011053608
Phau, I., Sequeira, M., & Dix, S. (2009a). Consumers’ willingness to knowingly purchase counterfeit products. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 3(4), 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/17505930911000865
Phau, I., Sequeira, M., & Dix, S. (2009b). To buy or not to buy a “counterfeit” Ralph Lauren polo shirt. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 1(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/17574320910942187
Phau, I., Sequeira, M., & Dix, S. (2013). Consumers’ willingness to knowingly purchase counterfeit products. DIrect Marketing: An International Journal, 3(4), 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/17505930911000865
Phau, I., Teah, M., & Chuah, J. (2015). Consumer attitudes towards luxury fashion apparel made in sweatshops. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 19(2), 169–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-01-2014-0008
Priporas, C.-V., Kemenidou, I., & Papadopoulou, A. K. F. M. (2015). Counterfeit purchase typologies during an economic crisis. European Business Review, 27(1), 2–16.
Pueschel, J., Chamaret, C., & Parguel, B. (2016). Coping with copies: The influence of risk perceptions in luxury counterfeit consumption in GCC countries. Journal of Business Research, 77, 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.11.008
Quintanilla, C., Perez, E., & Castan, R. (2010). Constructing identity through the consumption of counterfeit luxury goods. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 13(3), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522751011053608
Razmus, W., & Pal, M. (2017). Personal aspirations and brand engagement in self-concept. 105, 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.018
Riquelme, H. E., Abbas, E. M. S., & Rios, R. E. (2012). Intention to purchase fake products in an Islamic country. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 5(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/17537981211225835
Rosenzweig, E., & Gilovich, T. (2012). Buyer ’ s Remorse or Missed Opportunity?? Differential Regrets for Material and Experiential Purchases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024999
Seale, C., & Silverman, D. (1997). Ensuring rigour in qualitative research. European Journal of Public Health, 7(4), 379–384. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/7.4.379
Segev, S., Shoham, A., & Gavish, Y. (2015). A closer look into the materialism construct: the antecedents and consequences of materialism and its three facets. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-07-2014-1082
Shao, W., Grace, D., & Ross, M. (2019). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Consumer motivation and luxury consumption: Testing moderating effects ?. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 46(August 2018), 33–44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.10.003
Sharma, P., & Chan, R. Y. K. (2017). Exploring the Role of Attitudinal Functions in Counterfeit Purchase Behavior via an Extended Conceptual Framework. Psychology and Marketing, 34(3), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20989
Sloan, B. H. (2012). Beyond China: the counterfeiting challenge in Southeast Asia. March, 45–48.
Stoner, J. L., & Wang, Y. (2014). It’s Not Me, It’s Them: How Social Factors Influence Motivations and Consumption for Genuine and Counterfeit Luxury Goods. Advances in Consumer Research, 42, 205–209.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=100073004&site=ehost-live
Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2009). Faking it: Personality and individual difference predictors of willingness to buy counterfeit goods. Journal of Socio-Economics, 38(5), 820–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.014
Teah, M., Phau, I., & Huang, Y. (2015). Devil continues to wear “counterfeit” Prada: a tale of two cities. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32, 176–189. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-03-2014-0908
Teo, C. B. C., & Yusof, M. Z. (2017). The Counterfeit Goods Conundrum: An Analysis Of Demand Situation Among Malaysian Consumers. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 11–19.
Thaichon, P., & Quach, S. (2016). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Dark motives-counterfeit purchase framework: Internal and external motives behind counterfeit purchase via digital platforms. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 33, 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.003
The Malaysian Reserve. (2020). Black market a drag on Malaysia’s economy. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2020/07/02/black-market-a-drag-on-malaysias-economy/
The Star. (2020). Domestic Trade Ministry Officers seize almost RM39000 worth of fake goods in Johor raid. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/18/domestic-trade-ministry-officers-seize-almost-rm39000-worth-of-fake-goods-in-johor-raid
The Star. (2021). When it comes to counterfeits, not all fashion brands are equally popular. https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/style/2021/08/02/when-it-comes-to-counterfeits-not-all-fashion-brands-are-equally-popular
The Sun Daily. (2020). KPDNHEP cracks down on fake items sold online. https://www.thesundaily.my/local/kpdnhep-cracks-down-on-fake-items-sold-online-GE5237679
Thoumrungroje, A. (2014). The Influence of Social Media Intensity and EWOM on Conspicuous Consumption. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148 (November 2012), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.009
Thurasamy, R., Mohamad, A. O., Jantan, M., Lee, J., Chow, W., & Nasirin, S. (2003). Counterfeit Music CDs: Social and Personality Influences, Demographics, Attitudes and Purchase Intention: Some Insights from Malaysia. Academic Conferences Limited, 1–13.
Ting, M., Goh, Y., & Mohd, S. (2016). Determining consumer purchase intentions toward counterfeit luxury goods in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(4), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2016.07.00
Truong, Y., & McColl, R. (2011). Intrinsic motivations, self-esteem, and luxury goods consumption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(6), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.08.004
Truong, Y., McColl, R., & Kitchen, P. J. (2010). Uncovering the relationships between aspirations and luxury brand preference. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 19(5), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011068586
Vaismoradi, M., Jones, J., Turunen, H., & Snelgrove, S. (2016). Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v6n5p100
Viet, L., Northey, G., Tran, Q., & Septianto, F. (2018). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services The Devil might wear Prada, but Narcissus wears counterfeit Gucci! How social adjustive functions influence counterfeit luxury purchases. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, August, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.09.003
Wallace, E., & Buil, I. (2020). A typology of conspicuous donation on Facebook. Journal of Services Marketing, 35(4), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-06-2020-0216
Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Hawk, S. (2017). The mediating roles of upward social comparison and self-esteem and the moderating role of social comparison orientation in the association between social networking site usage and subjective well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(MAY), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00771
Wenninger, H., Cheung, C. M., & Krasnova, H. (2019). College-aged users behavioral strategies to reduce envy on social networking sites: A cross-cultural investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 97(February), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.025
Widjajanta, B., Senen, S. H., Masharyono, Lisnawati, & Anggraeni, C. P. (2018). The impact of social media usage and self-esteem on conspicuous consumption: Instagram user of Hijabers Community Bandung member. International Journal of EBusiness and EGovernment Studies, 10(2), 1–13.
Wu, M.-S. S., Chen, C.-H. S., & Nguyen, B. (2015). Luxury brand purchases and the extended self. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 7(3), 153–173.
https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-05-2015-0046
Zheng, A., Duff, B. R. L., Vargas, P., & Yao, M. Z. (2020). Self-Presentation on Social Media: When Self-Enhancement Confronts Self-Verification. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 20(3), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2020.1841048