To become the greatest competitor, a company should more focus on their intellectual capital especially human capital. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of human capital on balanced scorecard performance in life insurance agencies in Malaysia. The implementation of human capital management as one of the ingredients of successful factor in an increasingly competitive, global economy has the groundwork for researchers to explore new practices of management. This research use quantitative analysis. The population of the research is among agencies sales manager in life insurance companies that register under LIAM. The hypothesis test conduct by regression analysis model with the degree of significant at 0.05. The main conclusion from this study is human capital management give positive influence on life insurance company performance.
Abdullah, D. F., & Sofian, S. (2012). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Corporate Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40(6), 537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.227
Ahangar, R. G. (2011). The relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance: An empirical investigation in an Iranian company. African Journal of Business Management, 5(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.712
Ahmed, S. S., Guozhu, J., Mubarik, S., Khan, M., & Khan, E. (2020). Intellectual capital and business performance: the role of dimensions of absorptive capacity. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2018-0199
Alipour, M. (2012). The effect of intellectual capital on firm performance: an investigation of Iran insurance companies. Measuring Business Excellence, 16(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683041211204671
Anghel, I. (2008). Intellectual capital and intangible assets analysis and valuation. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 3(3), 75.
Arora, R. (2002). Implementing KM – a balanced score card approach. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(3), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270210434340
Awadallah, E. A., & Allam, A. (2015). A Critique of the Balanced Scorecard as a Performance Measurement Tool Emad A . Awadallah Department of Accounting and Information Systems Assistant Professor of Accounting Faculty of Commerce. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(7), 91–99.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N. C., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999). The Knowledge Toolbox: A Review of the Tools Available to Measure and Manage Intangible Resources. European Management Journal, 17(4), 391–402. https://doi.org/16/S0263-2373(99)00019-5
Bontis, N., Keow, W. C. C., & Richardson, S. (2000). Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930010324188
Bose, S., & Thomas, K. (2007). Applying the balanced scorecard for better performance of intellectual capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(4), 653–665. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710210415703
Brown, A. W., Adams, J. D., & Amjad, A. A. (2007). The relationship between human capital and time performance in project management: A path analysis. International Journal of Project Management, 25(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.07.011
Calantone, R., Cavusgil, S., & Zhao, Y. (2002). Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(01)00203-6
Chen, L., & Mohamed, S. (2008). Contribution of knowledge management activities to organisational business performance. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 6(3), 269–285.
Chen, M.-Y., Huang, M.-J., & Cheng, Y.-C. (2009). Measuring knowledge management performance using a competitive perspective: An empirical study. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(4), 8449–8459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.10.067
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dakhli, M., & De Clercq, D. (2003). Human Capital, Social Capital and Innovation: A Multi-Country Study. Universiteit Gent, Faculteit Economie En Bedrijsfkunde Working Paper, 211(\), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620410001677835
Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
Emadzadeh, Afzali, N., Bagheri, A., Rahimpoor, M., Ezadi, F., & Rahmani, M. (2013). Effect of Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(2), 98–103.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Green, A. (2008). Intangible asset knowledge: The conjugality of business intelligence (BI) and business operational data. Business Process Management Journal, 38(2), 184–191. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2015-0216
Hitt, M. A., Bierman, L., Shimizu, K., & Kochhar, R. (2001). Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional service ?rms: aresource-based perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069334
Hsu, L.-C., & Wang, C.-H. (2010). Clarifying the Effect of intellectual capital on Performance: The mediating role of dynamic capability. British Journal of Management, 23, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2010.00718.x
Iswati, S., & Anshori, M. (2007). The Influence of Intellectual Capital to Financial Performance at Insurance Companies in Jakarta Stock Exchange ( JSE ). Proceedings of the 13th Asia Pacific Management Conference, 1393–1399.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2004a). "Measuring the strategic readiness of intangible assets. Harvard Business Review, 82(2), 52–63. https://doi.org/Article
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2004b). The strategy map: guide to aligning intangible assets. Strategy & Leadership, 32(5), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570410699825
Lee, Y.-C., & Lee, S.-K. (2007). Capability, processes, and performance of knowledge management: A structural approach. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 17(1), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm
(LIAM), L. I. A. of M. (2016). Annual Report 2015.
Marr, B. (2004). Measuring and benchmarking intellectual capital. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 11(6), 559–570.
Marr, B., & Adams, C. (2004). The balanced scorecard and intangible assets?: similar ideas , unaligned concepts. Measuring Business Excellence, 8(3), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040410555582
Murby, L., Gould, S., Ashworth, G., Barden, P., Brewer, P., Lawrie, G., Marr, B., Scapens, B., Jazayeri-dezfuli, M., & Zingales, F. (2005). Effective Performance Management with the Balanced Scorecard Technical Report Writers?: Contact?:
Myles, J., & Jackson, P. (2004). Managing Intellectual Capital through the Balanced Scorecard.
Noordin, M. A. (2014). The relationship between intellectual capital, innovation capability with firm age and firm performance. (Issue May).
Ramayh, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., & Ali Memon, M. (2016). Partial Least squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 (Issue November).
Schiuma, G., & Lerro, A. (2008). Intellectual capital and company’s performance improvement. Measuring Business Excellence, 12(2), 3–9.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040810881153
Shadbolt, Beeby, Brier, & Gardner. (2003). A critique of the use of the balanced scorecard in multi-enterprise family farm businesses. International Farm Management, 602–609.
Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931211225715
Sveiby, K. E. (2010). Methods for measuring intangible assets. April 2010, 1–6.
Vergauwen, P., Bollen, L., & Oirbans, E. (2007). Intellectual capital disclosure and intangible value drivers: an empirical study. Management Decision, 45(7), 1163–1180. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740710773961
Wright, P. (2001). Human resources and the resource based view of the firm. Journal of Management, 27(6), 701–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(01)00120-9
Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C., & McWilliams, A. (1994). Human resources and sustained competitive advantage: A resource-based perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 301–326.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09585199400000020
Zehri, C., Abdelbaki, A., & Bouabdellah, N. (2012). How intellectual capital affects a firm’s performance? Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(08), 24–31.
