Waqf and entrepreneurship are supposed to aid communities in resolving environmental problems and developing society. However, its management in Malaysia is still insufficient due to lack of education and knowledge of waqf, particularly about cash waqf, among Malaysians. Thus, this study investigated the waqf determinants, specifically on promotion and understanding towards awareness of waqf entrepreneurship. A total of 406 respondents who participated in this study were students from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Melaka, Malaysia. The questionnaire was distributed using an online survey platform consisting four (4) sections: demographic profile, awareness, promotion, and knowledge. The researchers conducted frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, reliability tests, and multiple regression analysis for the data analysis. The findings revealed that most respondents (85.2%) had enrolled in entrepreneurship courses, while the remaining 14.8% had never taken any formal entrepreneurship courses. Next, the study also determined the reliability of all variables, and results were subjected to hypothesis testing. The study concludes that there are strong correlations between all waqf determinants and waqf entrepreneurial awareness. Waqf funding is viewed as highly important in enabling young graduates to start businesses without entirely expecting industrial employment claims. Educating and promoting the entrepreneurial sector about waqf funding could be beneficial to the industry. Therefore, this would encourage the Malaysian government and development organizations to fund waqf through micro, small, and medium-sized firms.
Abdul Kader, S. Z. (2015). The Legal Framework of Waqf in Malaysia. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved July 18, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2547440
Abdullah, A. (1992). . Pendidikan Islam Indonesia. Jurnal Suhuf, 2, 18–24.
Laldin, A. M. (2008). Islamic financial system: The Malaysian experience and the way forward. Humanomics, 24(3), 217–238. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1108/08288660810899377
Alajmovic, S., & Wehtje, P. (2010). The Determinants of Private Donations to Humanitarian Disasters.
Alias, T. A. (2011). (PDF) Awqaf tax laws | Tunku Alina Alias - Academia.edu. Retrieved July 18, 2021, from https://www.academia.edu/1101187/Awqaf_tax_laws
Alias, T. A. (2011). Unleashing the potential of the waqf as an economic institution in Malaysia: policy, legal and economics reforms. GS. Retrieved July 18, 2021 from https://ikr.inceif.org/handle/INCEIF/2393
Altinay, L. (2008). The relationship between an entrepreneur’s culture and the entrepreneurial behaviour of the firm. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(1), 111–129. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810850874
Bruineberg, J., & Rietveld, E. (2014). Self-organization, free energy minimization, and optimal grip on a field of affordances. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8(AUG). Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.3389/FNHUM.2014.00599
Chepkwony, K. C. (2008). Islamic Philanthropy the Case of Waqf in Poverty Alleviation and Social Economic Development. (Unpublished).
Dodd, S. D., & Seaman, P. T. (1998). Religion and Enterprise: An Introductory Exploration: Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/104225879802300104, 23(1), 71–86. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879802300104
Filser, M., Kraus, S., Roig-Tierno, N., Kailer, N., & Fischer, U. (2019). Entrepreneurship as Catalyst for Sustainable Development: Opening the Black Box. Sustainability 2019, Vol. 11, Page 4503, 11(16), 4503. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11164503
Garba, A. S., Mansor, S. A., & Djafar, F. (2013). An Exploratory Study on the Constraints for Entrepreneurial Activity: A Case of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kano, Nigeria. The Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 18(4), 79–93. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3709.2013.OC.00007
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Right from Wrong: The Influence of Spirituality on Perceptions of Unethical Business Activities. Journal of Business Ethics 2003 46:1, 46(1), 85–97. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024767511458
Graduates, S. (2019). Department of Statistics Malaysia Press Release?: Crime Statistics, 2019. Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2017(November), 1–4.
Gursoy, D., Altinay, L., & Kenebayeva, A. (2017). Religiosity and entrepreneurship behaviours. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 67, 87–94. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHM.2017.08.005
Guzman, J., & Santos, F. J. (2001). The booster function and the entrepreneurial quality: An application to the province of Seville. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13(3), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620110035651
Gwija, S. A., Eresia-Eke, C., & Iwu, C. G. (2014). The Link between Entrepreneurship Education and Business Success: Evidence from Youth Entrepreneurs in South Africa. Journal of Economics, 5(2), 165–175. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1080/09765239.2014.11884993
Hanefah, H. M. M., Jalil, A., Mohd.Ramli, A., Sabri, H., Nawai, N., & Shahwan, S. (2011). Financing The Development Of Waqf Property: The Experience Of Malaysian And Singapore. Undefined. Retrieved July 18, 2021 from
Ibrahim, D., & Ibrahim, H. (2013a). REVIVAL OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN MALAYSIA The efficiency of waqf performance View project REVIVAL OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN MALAYSIA. Retrieved July 18, 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281268791
Ibrahim, D., & Ibrahim, H. (2013b). REVIVAL OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN MALAYSIA The efficiency of waqf performance View project REVIVAL OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN MALAYSIA. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281268791
Ibrahim, H., Nor, E., Muhammad, J. (2013). Cash Waqf and Its Development in the Northern Region of Malaysia. In 4th International Conference on Business and Economic Research (4th ICBER 2013) Proceeding. Bandung.
Zahari, I. (1983). Perception of managerial decision - making by Malays, Indian and Chinese managers: a comparative study. Jurnal Pengurusan. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from http://www.ukm.my/penerbit/jpkand1-5.htm
Iman, A. H. M., & Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2017). Waqf as a framework for entrepreneurship. Humanomics, 33(4), 419–440. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1108/H-01-2017-0015
Lim, H., Soon, J., & Duan, H. (2021). Does entrepreneurial career choice lessen the graduate unemployment problem? the case of malaysian graduates 1. 13(1), 37–56.
Liu, S., Heinzel, S., Haucke, M. N., & Heinz, A. (2021). Increased psychological distress, loneliness, and unemployment in the spread of COVID-19 over 6 months in Germany. Medicina (Lithuania), 57(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010053
Mamun, M. Al, Jabbar, M. A., & Sultana, R. (2021). Problems and Opportunities of Women Entrepreneurship in Char Areas of Bangladesh. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 10(2), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2021/v10i230260
Ministry of Higher Education (2015). Higher Education Statistics 2015. Retrieved from: https://www.mohe.gov.my/en/download/awam/statistik/2015/215-bab-1-makroinstitusipendidikan-tinggi-1/file
Ministry of Higher Education (2019). Higher Education Statistics 2015.
Mokhlis, S. (2009). Relevancy and Measurement of Religiosity in Consumer Behavior Research. International Business Research, 2(3). Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.5539/IBR.V2N3P75
Zulkiflee, N. H. W. S. A. (2015). KESEDARAN TERHADAP WAKAF TUNAI: KAJIAN DI BESUT, TERENGGANU1.
Noor, A. H. M., Sani, A. A., Hasan, Z. A., & Misbahrudin, N. T. (2018). A Conceptual Framework for Waqf-Based Social Business from the Perspective of Maqasid Al-Shariah. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i8/4635
Nor, M., & Yusoff, H. (2020). ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS AND ANTECEDENTS OF LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN KELANTAN , MALAYSIA. 11(12), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.12.2020.023
Nwankwo, S., & Gbadamosi, A. (2013). Faith and entrepreneurship among the British African Caribbean:Intersections between religious and entrepreneurial values. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(3), 618–633. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/DOI:10.1108/JSBED-04-2013-0066
Osman, A. F. (2014). An Analysis Of Cash Waqf Participation Among Young Intellectuals. Proceedings of International Academic Conferences. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/0100111.html
Podgornyi, B. B. (2012). Economic Behavior and the Influence of Religious Traditions. Russian Social Science Review, 53(6), 43–61. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2012.11065495
Radzuan, M. R., Ramli, Z., Sum, M. S., & Abd Manaf, A. (2021). Entrepreneurship Quality and Rural Entrepreneur Development in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(1), 346–363. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i1/8009
Rafiza, M., Jaffary, A., A Sunawari, L., & Zaizul, A. R. (2014). . Perbandingan Religiositi Menurut Perspektif Islam dan Barat. . . In International Conference on Language Literature Culture and Education , 161–166.
Mustapha, R., & Darusalam, G. (2018). Aplikasi kaedah Fuzzy Delphi dalam penyelidikan sains social. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Rohman, A. (2013). Women and Leadership in Islam: A Case Study in Indonesia. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2304613
Sadeq, A. M. (2002). Waqf, perpetual charity and poverty alleviation. International Journal of Social Economics, 29(1–2), 135–151. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290210413038
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Enterpreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
Thong, S. K., Chye, C. S., & Fong, W. S. (2013). Awareness of Microfinance Within The Central Region, Malaysia. 3rd International Conference on Management (3rd ICM 2013).
Tjiptono, F. (2006). Tjiptono: Pemasaran Jasa, Cetakan Pertama - Google Scholar. Retrieved July 19, 2021, from https://scholar.google.com.my/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=3687921077168490145
Wibowo. (2017). Manajemen Kinerja. Edisi Kelima. Retrieved July 19, 2021, from http://rajagrafindo.co.id/produk/manajemen-kinerja-%C2%96-edisi-ketiga/
Wickham, P. A. (2006). Strategic entrepreneurship, 613. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from
Yaacob, H. (2013). (PDF) WAQF HISTORY AND LEGISLATION IN MALAYSIA: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE. Retrieved July 18, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301770595_WAQF_HISTORY_AND_LEGISLATION_IN_MALAYSIA_A_CONTEMPORARY_PERSPECTIVE
York, J. G., Venkataraman, S., York, J. G., & Venkataraman, S. (2010). The entrepreneur-environment nexus: Uncertainty, innovation, and allocation. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 449–463. Retrieved July 19, 2021 from https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jbvent:v:25:y:2010:i:5:p:449-463
