For the Salako people in Kampung Pueh, Lundu, Sarawak, the Nyangahant ritual is a very meaningful ceremony. It is an offering and prayer dedicated to Jubata, their God, for help in times of trouble, protection from threats and calamities, blessings, fertility, and wealth. The presenting of food as an offering to Jubata is an important part of the ceremony. This study used theoretical semiotics, which focuses on deciphering food's meaning in nonverbal communication, to comprehend the relevance of food symbols in the Nyangahant ceremony. As part of an anthropological study, the researcher actively participated in the ritual ceremony and conducted interviews with Tuha Adat and ritual practitioners. The research uncovered the profound meaning associated with Jubata's meals. The food on the Buis tray carried numerous connotations due to its shape, colour, and processing method. It served as an icebreaker for conversations, symbolised masculinity and traditional Salako men's cuisine, represented purity and femininity, symbolised the blessings of the upcoming harvest, fostered bonding and friendship, ensured safety, served as sacrifices, and strengthened the spiritual connection. These discoveries shed light on the deep symbolism and cultural significance of food in the Nyangahant ritual. Understanding the deeper connotations associated with food offerings allows the Salako community to strengthen their spiritual connection with Jubata while also preserving cultural customs. Furthermore, this study lays the groundwork for future research by recommending that other components of the Nyangahant ritual be investigated in order to acquire a thorough understanding of its wider cultural context and significance.
Abg Shokeran, D. H. Q., & Magiman, M. M. (1970, January 1). Ritual Dalam Upacara Gawe Padi Masyarakat Salako Di Daerah Sematan, Lundu Sarawak. Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/76458/
Almli, V. L., Verbeke, W., Vanhonacker, F., Næs, T., & Hersleth, M. (2011). General image and attribute perceptions of traditional food in six European countries. Food Quality and Preference, 22(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2010.08.008
Anderson, L. E. (1994). A new look at an old construct: Cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 293–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(94)90035-3
Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. (1990). Selako worldview and ritual. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cambridge.
Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. (1994). Ritual in Sarawak. The Sarawak Museum Journal, 17(68), 36–55.
Bourdieu, P. (2003). Language and symbolic power. Harvard University Press.
Brower, V. W. (2011). Ethics is a gustics: Phenomenology, gender, and oral sexuality (from ‘entre nous’ to ‘lèvres nous’). Assuming Gender, 2(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.18573/ipics.52
Cambridge University Press. (2012). George M. Foster and Barbara Gallatin Anderson, Medical Anthropology, Chichester, John Wiley, 1978, 8vo, pp. X, 354, £9.75: Medical history. Cambridge Core. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/medical-history/article/george-m-foster-and-barbara-gallatin-anderson-medical-anthropology-chichester-john-wiley-1978-8vo-pp-x-354-975/B1EE75B77A5292870D54DA4BBA648F50
Chang, P. F. (2004a). History of Serian Bidayuh in Samarahan Division, Sarawak. Chang Pat Foh.
Cheah, P. (1998). Cosmopolitics: Thinking and feeling beyond the nation. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books/about/Cosmopolitics.html?id=4EmqLCWUFvEC
Counihan, C., Esterik, P. V., & Julier, A. (1969). Food and culture: A reader. Routledge & CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Food-and-Culture-A-Reader/Counihan-Esterik-Julier/p/book/9781138930582
Cusack, I. (2003). Pots, Pens and “eating out the body”: Cuisine and the gendering of African nations*. Nations and Nationalism, 9(2), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8219.t01-1-00086
Finucane, M. L., & Holup, J. L. (2005). Psychosocial and cultural factors affecting the perceived risk of genetically modified food: An overview of the literature. Social Science & Medicine, 60(7), 1603–1612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.007
Flannery, E., & Mincyte, D. (2010). Food as power. Cultural Studies ? Critical Methodologies, 10(6), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708610372763
Freeman, E. (2002). The Wedding Complex. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12100xq
Gold, A. L. (2007). Changing foodways: Generational communication in a new American/refugee population. North Dakota State University.
Gutierrez, C. P., & Ancelet, B. J. (n.d.). Cajun foodways. Project MUSE. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/19634
Harrison, R. P., & Knapp, M. L. (1972). Toward an understanding of nonverbal communication systems. Journal of Communication, 22(4), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00162.x
Inai, N. N. (2022). Makna Simbol Ritual Serarang Dalam Masyarakat Melanau Likow Di Kampung Medong, Dalat, Sarawak. Doctoral dissertation. Univerisiti Putra Malaysia .
Joseph, A. D. (2017). Human communication: The basic course, 14th edition. Human Communication: The Basic Course. (n.d.-a). https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/human-communication-the-basic-course/P200000002791/9780137478378
Kaufman, D. (2007). Salako or Badameà, sketch grammar, texts and lexicon of a Kanayatn dialect in West Borneo (review). Oceanic Linguistics, 46(2), 624–633. https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2008.0010
Ko, M., & Welsh, J. (2002). Food, foodways and immigrant experience [electronic resource]. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books/about/Food_Foodways_and_Immigrant_Experience_e.html?id=8wbftwEACAAJ
Le?vi-Strauss, C. (2009). Structural anthropology. Basic Books.
Lewis, S. (2006). Recipes for reconnection: Older people’s perspectives on the mediating ... (n.d.-d). http://www.drustvo-antropologov.si/AN/PDF/2006_1/Anthropological_Notebooks_XII-1_4.pdf
Lindquist, C. S. (2017). Book review: food and femininity by Kate Cairns and Josée Johnston. Gender & Society, 31(3), 418–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243216687243
Magiman, M. M., & Yatim, O. (2012). Simbol Dalam Makan Tahun Masyarakat Kadayan, Sarawak. MALRep. http://malrep.uum.edu.my/rep/Record/my-ukm.journal.5638/Details
Magiman, M. M. - ?Google scholar?. (n.d.-c). https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NAwgBHwAAAAJ ????
Morgan, K. (2010). Local and green, global and fair: The ethical foodscape and the politics of care. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 42(8), 1852–1867. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42364
Quah, S. R. (2009). Families in Asia: Home and kin. Routledge.
Salleh, N. (2017). Ritual dan simbol dalam adat perkahwinan masyarakat Melayu Sekinchan, Selangor. Doctoral dissertation University of Malaya.
Sutton, D. E. (2001). Remembrance of repasts: An anthropology of food and memory. Google Books.
https://books.google.com/books/about/Remembrance_of_Repasts.html?id=AeTu5Vtlu5C
Vatika Sibal? - ?Google scholar?. (n.d.-i). ???
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vxnxhZgAAAAJ ?
Welch, P. D., & Scarry, C. M. (1995). Status-related variation in foodways in the Moundville Chiefdom. American Antiquity, 60(3), 397–419. https://doi.org/10.2307/282257