Mobile phone technology has gradually become integrated into the higher education experience and nearly every member of the university community uses or owns a mobile phone to connect with others. According to past research there is a strong association between gender, self-esteem, social anxiety and mobile phone use. However, there has very few researches on self-esteem, and social anxiety towards mobile phone usage. Regardless of the distance between people, mobile phones allow them to interact and integrate on a regular basis. Even though these benefits are present, mobile phone has been identified as global problem, particularly among teenagers. Therefore, this study was examine the factors that influence on mobile phone usage. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of gender, self-esteem and social anxiety towards mobile phone addiction among public university students in Klang Valley. In this study, a survey method was used. There were 400 teenagers from four public universities took part in this survey. The findings conclude that gender differences, self-esteem and social anxiety not influencing on the mobile phone usage among teenagers. Mobile phones are an inevitable part of modern life and it would be an indispensable tool in our society. However, over use of mobile phone has resulted in the problem of mobile addiction. Hence, need to identify main causes that influencing mobile phone use among teenagers before it’s affect the student’s academic performance and their productivity.
Adams, D., & Paul, L. (2017). State of the smart Consumer business usage patterns. Global
Mobile consumer survey. Deloitte: London.
Aderka, I. M., Weisman, O., Shahar, G., & Gilboa Schechtman, E. (2009). The roles of the
social Rank and attachment systems in social anxiety. Personality and Individual
Differences, 47(4), 284-288.
Anshari, M., Alas, Y., Hardaker, G., Jaidin, J. H., Smith, M., & Ahad, A. D. (2016).
Smartphone habit and behavior in Brunei: Personalization, gender, and generation gap. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 719–727.
Annoni, A. M., Petrocchi, S., Camerini, A. L., & Marciano, L. (2021). The relationship
between social anxiety, smartphone use, dispositional trust, and problematic
smartphone use: A moderated mediation model. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2452-2466.
Bae, S. M. (2015). The relationships between perceived parenting style, learning motivation, friendship satisfaction, and the addictive use of smartphones with elementary school students of South Korea: Using multivariate latent growth modeling. School Psychology International, 36(5), 513–531.
Badenes-Ribera, L., Fabris, M. A., Gastaldi, F. G. M., Prino, L. E., & Longobardi, C. (2019).
Parent and peer attachment as predictors of facebook addiction symptoms in different developmental stages (early adolescents and adolescents). Addictive Behaviors, 95,
226–232.
Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Ego depletion and self?regulation failure: A resource model of self?
control. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(2), 281-284.
Bang, H., Won, D., & Park, S. (2020). School engagement, self-esteem, and
depression of adolescents: The role of sport participation and volunteering
activity and gender differences. Children and youth services review, 113,
105012.
Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005). Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone
use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 39-51.
Billieuex, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can
disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on
current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction
Reports, 2, 156–162.
Cheng, K. T., & Hong, F. Y. (2017). Study on relationship among university students' life
stress, smart mobile phone addiction, and life satisfaction. Journal of Adult
Development, 24(2), 1–10.
Chen, B., Liu, F., Ding, S., Ying, X., Wang, L., & Wen, Y. (2017). Gender differences in
factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical
college students. BMC psychiatry, 17(1), 1-9.
Daneshvar, S., and Inkpen, D. (2018). Information Access Evaluation meets Multilinguality,
Multimodality and Visualitation. In Gender identification in twitter using n-grams and
lsa: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference LEF Association (CLEF 2018).
Springer.
Department of Statistics. (2020). ICT use and access by individuals and households
survey report, Malaysia, 2019. (2021, January 3). Retrieved from
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=395&bul_id=
SFRaTRUMEVRUFo1Ulc4Y1JlLzBqUT09&menu_id=amVoWU54UT10a21NWmd
hMjWcyZz09.
Edjah, J. O., & Nkrumah, I. K. (2023). Do gender and age jointly or individually moderate the
effects of cognitive and behavioral therapies on addiction to mobile phone calling
behavior?. Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research, 7(1), 15-18.
Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2016). Fear of missing out, need for
touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 509-516.
Emineoglu, M. (2018). The mediating role of psychological resilience between social
and emotional loneliness and peer bullying in adolescents. Published Master
Thesis. Bayburt: Bayburt University.
Darcin, E. A., Kose, S., Noyan, C. O., Nurmedov, S., Y?lmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2016). Smartphone addiction and its relationship with social anxiety and loneliness. Behaviour & Information Technology, 35(7),520- 525.
Fadzil, M. F., Ghazali, A. H. A., Samah, A. A., & Bolong, J. (2019). A Systematic Review on Factors Influencing Mobile Phone Addiction among Youths in Asean Countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 1097-1114.
Gao, T., Li, J., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Kong, Y., Hu, Y., & Mei, S. (2018). The influence of
alexithymia on mobile phone addiction: The role of depression, anxiety and
stress. Journal of affective disorders, 225, 761-766.
Germani, A., Buratta, L., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C. (2020). Emerging Adults and COVID-19: the role of individualism-collectivism on perceived risks and psychological maladjustment. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(10), 3497-3512.
Han, S., Kim, K. J., & Kim, J. H. (2017). Understanding nomophobia: Structural equation modeling and semantic network analysis of smartphone separation anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(7), 419-427.
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). Relationships among smartphone addiction, anxiety, and
family relations. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(10), 1046–1052.
Jain, A., & Kanhangad, V. (2018). Gender classification in smartphones using gait
information. Expert Systems with Applications, 93, 257-266.
Jeon, H., S. & Jang, S., O. (2014). A study on the influence of depression and stress on
smartphone addiction among university students: Focusing on moderating effect of
gender. Korean Journal of Youth Study, 21 (8), 103 – 129.
Khan, S., Atta, M., Malik, N. I., & Makhdoom, I. F. (2021). Prevalence and Relationship of
Smartphone Addiction, Nomophobia, and Social Anxiety among College and
University Late Adolescents. Ilkogretim Online, 20(5), 3588-3595.
Kiran, S., Sanjana, J., & Reddy, N. J. (2019). Mobile phone addiction: symptoms, impacts and
causes-a review. In International Conference on Trends in Industrial and Value
Engineering, Business and Social Innovation (pp. 81-86). https://libguides.jcu.edu au/.
apa/articles/conference-papers
Kumcagiz, H., & Gunduz, Y. (2016). Relationship between psychological well–being and
smartphone addiction of university students. International Journal of Higher
Education, 5(4), 144–156.
Kong, F., Qin, J., Huang, B., Zhang, H., & Lei, L. (2020). The effect of social anxiety on mobile
phone dependence among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model.
Children and Youth Services Review, 108,104517.
Lachmann, B., Sindermann, C., Sariyska, R. Y., Luo, R., Melchers, M. C., Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2018). The role of empathy and life satisfaction in internet and smartphone use disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 398-405.
Li, D. L., Wang, S., Zhang, D., Yang, R., Hu, J., Xue, Y., ... & Zhang, S. (2023). Gender
difference in the associations between health literacy and problematic mobile phone
use in Chinese middle school students. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1-8.
Lian, S. L., Sun, X. J., Niu, G. F., Yang, X. J., Zhou, Z. K., & Yang, C. (2021). Mobile phone
addiction and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of rumination and moderating role of the capacity to be alone. Journal of Affective
Disorders, 279, 701-710.
Lee, S. Y., Lee, D., Nam, C. R., Kim, D. Y., Park, S., Kwon, J. G., ... & Choi, J. S. (2018).
Distinct patterns of Internet and smartphone-related problems among adolescents by
gender: Latent class analysis. Journal of behavioral addictions, 7(2), 454-465.
Lee, E. J., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Gender Differences in Smartphone Addiction Behaviors
Associated With Parent–Child Bonding, Parent–Child Communication, and Parental
Mediation Among Korean Elementary School Students. Journal of Addictions
Nursing,29(4), 244-254.
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Mannikko, N., Kaariainen, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2018).
Mobile gaming and problematic smartphone use: A comparative study between
Belgium and Finland. Journal of behavioral addictions, 7(1), 88-99.
Negaresh, F., Kaedi, M., & Zojaji, Z. (2023). Gender Identification of Mobile Phone Users
based on Internet Usage Pattern. International Journal of Engineering, 36(2), 335-347.
Ng, S. F., Hassan, N. S. I. C., Nor, N. H. M., & Malek, N. A. A. (2017). The Relationship
between Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: A Case of Students in A
Malaysian Tertiary Institution. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational
Technology, 5(4), 58-70.
Parasuraman, S., Sam, A. T., Yee, S. W. K., Chuon, B. L. C., & Ren, L. Y. (2017). Smartphone
usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent study. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 7(3), 125-131.
Pigaiani, Y., Zoccante, L., Zocca, A., Arzenton, A., Menegolli, M., Fadel, S., Colizzi, M. (2020). Adolescent lifestyle behaviors, coping strategies and subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online student survey. Healthcare, 8(472), 1–12.
Soh, C. H., Chew, K. W., Koay, K. Y., & Ang, P. H. (2018). Parents vs peers’ influence on
teenagers’ Internet addiction and risky online activities. Telematics & Informatics,
35(1), 225–236.
Tang, J. H., Chen, M. C., Yang, C. Y., Chung, T. Y., & Lee, Y. A. (2016). Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction. Telematics and Informatics, 33(1), 102-108.
Tabassum, S. A., & Parveen, A. (2018). Mobile phone usage in relation to self-esteem
and loneliness among girl students. International Journal of Research in Social
Sciences, 8(6), 228-239.
Thakuria, M. S., & Laskar, M. R. U. (2022). Issues and Challenges of ICT Infrastructure in the
Neighboring Districts to Bangladesh: A Study of Colleges Libraries of Assam. Journal
of Positive School Psychology, 6(4), 99-110.
Taywade, A., & Khubalkar, R. (2019). Gender differences in smartphone usage patterns of
adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 7(4), 516-523.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination
theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 61, 101860.
You, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, Y., & Chen, X. (2019). How does self-esteem affect
mobile phone addiction? The mediating role of social anxiety and interpersonal
sensitivity. Psychiatry research, 271, 526-531.
Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., Hyde, M. K., & Watson, B. (2008). Dialling and driving: Factors
influencing intentions to use a mobile phone while driving. Accident Analysis and
Prevention, 40, 1893–1900.
Ward?Griffin, E., Klaiber, P., Collins, H. K., Owens, R. L., Coren, S., & Chen, F. S. (2018).
Petting away pre?exam stress: The effect of therapy dog sessions on student
well?being. Stress and Health, 34(3), 468-473.
Weiser, E. B. (2000). Gender differences in Internet use patterns and Internet application
preferences: A two-sample comparison. Cyberpsychology and behavior, 3(2), 167-178.
Wiscicka-Fernando, M. (2021). The use of mobile technologies in online shopping
during the COVID-19 pandemic-An empirical study. Procedia Computer
Science, 192, 3413-3422.
Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2012). Self-esteem and humor style as mediators of the effects
of shyness on loneliness among Chinese college students. Personality and Individual
Differences, 52(6), 686-690.
