Verification is an integral part of journalism and is usually done before or during publication. It is a basic rule of professional journalism to check facts, but the digital age has created new challenges for journalists. However, previous research has shown that no review paper talks about the patterns of challenges of journalists' verification practices on society. Therefore, this article presents a thematic review of the selected publications to explore the challenges faced by journalists' verification practices in recent years. The thematic review aims to summarise the literature from 2018 to 2022 on the challenges of journalists' verification in the digital age and their effects on society using a thematic review. A keyword search followed by inclusion criteria from the SCOPUS, WOS and Mendeley databases identified 226 peer-reviewed journal articles. However, only 34 publications were included as final articles for review after the inclusion and exclusion process. A thematic review of the 34 articles identified five main themes: Social media use and fake news; media accuracy; verification practice and technology; professional and organisational and media trust; and social and political impact. The findings will benefit knowledge of journalist verification trends and future studies of journalist verification practice.
Adornato, A. C., & Frisch, A. (2022). Social Media Policies in US Television Newsrooms: Changes over Time. Electronic News, 16(4), 207 – 226. https://doi.org/10.1177/19312431221098731
Bautista, P. S. (2021). Fact-checking in TikTok . Communication and narrative forms to combat misinformation. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 79(87), 112. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1522
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. In Sage. sage.
Brandtzaeg, P. B., Følstad, A., & Chaparro Domínguez, M. Á. (2018). How Journalists and Social Media Users Perceive Online Fact-Checking and Verification Services. Journalism Practice, 12(9), 1109–1129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1363657
Bryant, H. (2018). The universe of people trying to deceive journalists keeps expanding, and newsrooms aren’t ready. NiemanLab. Retrieved from Http://Www. Niemanlab. Org/2018/07/the-Universe-of-People-Trying-to-Deceive-Journalists-Keeps-Expanding-and-Newsrooms-Arent-Ready.
Carvalho, M. M., Fleury, A., & Lopes, A. P. (2013). An overview of the literature on technology roadmapping (TRM): Contributions and trends. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(7), 1418–1437.
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26(2).
de Haan, Y., van den Berg, E., Goutier, N., Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2022). Invisible Friend or Foe? How Journalists Use and Perceive Algorithmic-Driven Tools in Their Research Process. Digital Journalism, 10(10), 1775–1793. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2027798
Emeraldien, F. Z., Sugihartati, R., & Rahayu, T. P. (2021). Inaccuracy within Online Journalism in Indonesia. Jurnal The Messenger, 13(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v13i2.1011
Fleerackers, A., Riedlinger, M., Moorhead, L., Ahmed, R., & Alperin, J. P. (2022). Communicating Scientific Uncertainty in an Age of COVID-19: An Investigation into the Use of Preprints by Digital Media Outlets. Health Communication, 37(6), 726–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1864892
Fletcher, R., Schifferes, S., & Thurman, N. (2020). Building the ‘Truthmeter’: Training algorithms to help journalists assess the credibility of social media sources. Convergence, 26(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517714955
Giomelakis, D., Papadopoulou, O., Papadopoulos, S., & Veglis, A. (2021). Verification of News Video Content: Findings from a Study of Journalism Students. Journalism Practice, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1965905
Gregory, Sam. (2022). Deepfakes, misinformation and disinformation and authenticity infrastructure responses: Impacts on frontline witnessing, distant witnessing, and civic journalism. Journalism, 23(3), 708–729. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211060644
Haque, M. M., Yousuf, M., Alam, A. S., Saha, P., Ahmed, S. I., & Hassan, N. (2020). Combating Misinformation in Bangladesh: Roles and Responsibilities as Perceived by Journalists, Fact-checkers, and Users. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW2), 1–32.
Jamil, S., & Appiah-Adjei, G. (2020). Battling with infodemic and disinfodemic: the quandary of journalists to report on COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Media Asia, 47(3–4), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2020.1853393
Kovach, B., and Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The Elements of Journalism. New York: Crown Publishers.
Lopez-Marcos, C., & Vicente-Fernández, P. (2021). Fact checkers facing fake news and disinformation in the digital age: A comparative analysis between Spain and United Kingdom. Publications, 9(3), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9030036
Lopez-Rabadan, P., & Mellado, C. (2019). Twitter as a space for interaction in political journalism. Dynamics, consequences and proposal of interactivity scale for social media. Communication and Society, 32(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.1.1-18
Munoriyarwa, A., & Chambwera, C. (2020). Who Are the Arbiters of Truth? Mainstream Journalists’ Responses to Fake News during the 2017 Zimbabwe Coup. Communication, 46(4), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2020.1854805
Edwardsson, P. M., Al-Saqaf, W., & Nygren, G. (2021). Verification of Digital Sources in Swedish Newsrooms — A Technical Issue or a Question of Newsroom Culture? Journalism Practice, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.2004200
Rupar, V. (2020). Journalists as first responders. Journal of Social Sciences Online, 15(2), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2020.1741405
Singer, J. B. (2021). Border patrol: The rise and role of fact-checkers and their challenge to journalists’ normative boundaries. Journalism, 22(8), 1929–1946. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920933137
Sushmita, C. I. (2021). Rumors and Infodemics: Journalist’s Social Media Verification Practices During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi, 14(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v14i1.2097
Thomson, T. J., Angus, D., Dootson, P., Hurcombe, E., Angus, D., Dootson, P., Hurcombe, E., Angus, D., Dootson, P., & Hurcombe, E. (2022). Visual Mis / disinformation in Journalism and Public Communications?: Current Verification Practices , Challenges , and Future Opportunities. Journalism Practice, 16(5), 938–962. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1832139
Van Leuven, S., Kruikemeier, S., Lecheler, S., & Hermans, L. (2018). Online And Newsworthy: Have online sources changed journalism? Digital Journalism, 6(7), 798–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1498747
Vizoso, A., Vaz-slvarez, M., & Lopez-Garcia, X. (2021). Fighting deepfakes: Media and internet giants’ converging and diverging strategies against hi-tech misinformation. Media and Communication, 9(1), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.17645/MAC.V9I1.3494
Xu, N., & Gutsche Jr, R. E. (2021). "Going Offline”: Social Media, Source Verification, and Chinese Investigative Journalism During “Information Overload". Journalism Practice, 15(8), 1146–1162. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1776142
Zairul, M. (2020). A THEMATIC REVIEW ON STUDENT-CENTRED LEARNING IN THE STUDIO. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(2), 504–511.
Zhang, X. (2020). From Social Media with News?: Journalists ’ Social Media Use for Sourcing and Verification. Journalism Practice, 14(10), 1193–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1689372