The ability to understand themselves and the abilities they have can help students in making career choices that they want to pursue later. This study aimed to identify the levels of career self -efficacy and career adapt-ability, differences in career self -efficacy based on gender and specialization among diploma students. This study uses a survey type design to identify students' career self -efficacy. A total of 245 diploma students in a vocational college were used as the study sample. The instruments used in the study are Career Decision Self -Efficacy - Short Form (CDSE - SF) and Career Adapt Ability Scale (CAAS). The findings of the study show that the level of career self -efficacy of diploma students is moderate. The results of t test analysis showed that there was no significant difference between males and females for career self -efficacy (t (245) = 0.628, p> .05). Meanwhile, the results of the Anova test showed that there was no significant difference between the study streams for career self -efficacy (F (4,240) = 1.616, p> .05). These results indicate that career self -efficacy and career adapt-ability have a positive relationship among diploma students. This study has implications for the vocational colleges and in particular the Psychology and Career Unit in vocational colleges in designing and developing career development programs that are appropriate to the needs of students. The further studies are recommended to focus on other variables such as family and social support in influencing students ’career development
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W. H.
Bandura, A. (2000). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84 (2): 191-215.
Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (2006). Career self-efficacy theory: Back to the future. Journal of Career Assessment, 14 : 3-11.
Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1988). Application of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 4: 279-289.
Betz, N. E., Hammond, M., Multon, K., & Chaney, A. (2007). Reliability and validity of five level response continual for the career decision self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment 13(2): 131-149.
Betz, N. E., Klein, K. L., & Taylor, K. M. (1996). Evaluation of a short form of the Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(1), 47–57.
Brown, S. D., Hackett, G. & Lent, R. W. (2014). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45: 79-122.
Buyukgoze-kavas, A. (2016). Predicting career adaptability from positive psychological traits. The Career Development Quarterly, 64.
Ebenehi, A. S., Rashid, A. M., & Bakar, A. R. (2016). Predictors of career adaptability skill among higher education students in Nigeria. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 3(3), 212-229.
Emily, B. Y., Sheba, P. K., Robert, C. R., & Gary, W. P. (2016). The roles of negative career thinking and career problem-solving self-efficacy in career exploratory behavior. The Professional Counselor, 2. 102-114.
Fatima, S. (2016). Employability skills of higher education graduates: Little consensus on a much discussed subject. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 228(6), 169–174.
Ghazali, S. H., Mahmud, M. I., & Wahed, M. (2019). Hubungan antara penyesuaian kerjaya dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan guru pelatih di sebuah universiti awam. Southeast Asia Psychology Journal. Vol. 7(6), 74-105.
Holland, J. L. (1957). The Career Finder. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychological Press.
Hui, T., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2017). Career adaptability, self-esteem, and social support among hong kong university students. The Career Development Quarterly, 66.
Department of Statistics. (2020). Portal Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. http://www.dosm.gov.my/
Jakaria, N. A., Mazlan, M., Samri, N., & Shafie, S. N. A. (2020). Perbezaan efikasi kendiri terhadap pembangunan kerjaya berdasarkan faktor demografi. Jurnal ‘Ulwan, 5(1): 223-233
Komarraju, M., Swanson, J., & Nadler, D. (2013). Increased career self-efficacy predicts college students’ motivation, and course and major satisfaction. Journal of Career Assessment 22(3): 420-432.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Larkin, K. C. (1984). Self-efficacy in the prediction of academic performance and perceived career options. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 33, 265-269.
Luzzo, D. A. (1996). A psychometric evaluation of the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 276-279.
Mahmud, M. I., Noah, M. S., Ahmad, J., Wan Jaafar, W. M. (2017). Kajian analisis keperluan pembinaan modul kesediaan kerjaya dalam kalangan pelajar universiti awam. Jurnal Psikologi dan Kaunseling 8: 38- 60.
Mahmud, M. I., Noah, M. S., Ahmad, J., Wan Jaafar, W. M., Amat, S., & Abu Bakar, A. Y. (2019). Initial development and validation of the career readiness cognitive information processing module among university students. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. 7(6): 360 - 374.
Mahmud, M.I., Peng Kee, C., Othman, Z., & Amat, S. (2020). Career self- efficacy among undergraduate student in public university. Akademika 90, (3): 165-175.
Ministry of Education. (2020). Portal Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. http://www.moe.gov.my/
Ministry of Higher Education. (2019). Portal Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia. http://www.mohe.gov.my/
Azri, M. A., Sahid, S., & Hamid, A. H. A. (2019). Meningkatkan kebolehpasaran graduan melalui kemahiran kebolehgajian. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship. 5(15): 21-34.
Jelas, M. Z., Salleh, M. A., Azman, N., Hamzah, R., Jani, R., Mahmud, M. I., & Abd. Hamid, Z. (2013). Laporan Penyelidikan: Analisis Gender dalam Pendidikan. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Wahed, M., Mahmud, M. I., & Ghazali, S. H. (2019). Pola minat kerjaya dan penyesuaian kerjaya pelatih kor sukarelawan polis siswa/i di universiti awam. Southeast Asia Psychology Journal. Vol. 7(2), 60-72.
Paijan, A., & Hanapi, Z. (2018). Tahap kesedaran kerjaya pelajar tingkatan enam dalam bidang pendidikan teknikal dan vokasional. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 3(18): 11-17.
Rosly, R. N., Hussin, H., Sidek, S., & Jiea, P. (2019). Malaysian TVET lecturer and industrial training through national occupational standard skills. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 7. 212-
Sahin, I. & Kirdok, O. 2018). Investigation of relationship between high school students’ career adaptability, subjective well-being and perceived social support. International Education Studies, 11. 8.
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The Theory and Practice of Career Construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work. 42–70. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Savickas, M. L. (2007). The Theory And Practice Of Career Construction. In R. W. Lent & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Career Development And Counseling: Putting Theory And Research To Work. 42–70.
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale. construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 80, 661-673.
Seng, T. T., Abdullah, A., & Rashid, A. (2019). Pengaruh faktor terpilih terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar Kolej Komuniti. Akademika 89(3): 41-52.
Sharf, R. S. (2014). Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling. 6th eds. Cengage Learning Publication.
Super, D. E. (1952). The Psychology Of Career. New York: Harper and Row.
Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. In D. Brown & L. Brooks, Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice.
Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983). Applications of self- efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 22: 63-81.
Van der Bijl, J. J., & Shortridge-Baggett, L. M. (2002). The theory and measurement of the self-efficacy construct. In E. A. Lentz & L. M. Shortridge-Baggett (Eds.), Self-efficacy in nursing: Research and measurement perspectives. 9-28. New York.
Zunker, V. G. (1990). Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach. Australia: South-Western.
