Islamic Sharia has always been defending minority rights from the advent of the Islamic era. This study aims to identify the role of Islamic Sharia in protecting the rights of minorities. The study examines the situation of the Rohingya minority as a case study. The importance of this study stems from the fact that it provides a scientific contribution to studies related to international law, especially with regard to the protection of minorities, and with regard to the Rohingya problem, with the special sensitivity it represents to the Islamic world. This study also provides up-to-date information to researchers about this crisis, the most prominent difficulties and obstacles, and the most prominent efforts made in this problem. To identify the issues and problems of the current study and the elements of these issues, the research followed a comparative descriptive and analytical approach. To analytically differentiate the most appropriate choice, the legal texts contained in international treaties and relevant national legislation were studied and analysed. Then the research analysed the mechanisms of legal protection of minority rights with criticism, and the description is used as an auxiliary means that paves the way for clarifying all aspects in identifying preference for choice. The interview was adopted to provide more data in the subject under study. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that Islam guarantees religious minorities all civil rights, including life, dignity, security, safety, and freedom of belief, including the practice of rituals and the building of temples.
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