Coding is the act of writing code, whereas programming is the act of developing functional software or computer programs. A set of instructions or a set of rules expressed in a specific programming language are referred to as "computer code" in computer programming. Students pursuing certificates in vocational studies are now starting to learn about programming. At the lower secondary level, these students received preparation in computational thinking (CT). This concept paper identifies three primary problems with coding and computational thinking among vocational students: (i) CT's inadequate educational foundation; (ii) lack of interest in programming, and (iii) absence of measurement of CT literacy level in programming for vocational students. The uniqueness of this concept paper is in its ability to elaborate on coding challenges in programming and computational thinking abilities. The results of this study imply that screening should be done before bringing on new pupils. Attention should be taken to this article so that novice learners are better equipped to continue learning in a motivated way because they get the fundamentals of coding in programming. The aim of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the problems and difficulties in teaching computational thinking and programming skills. Vocational colleges and Lead Trainers may engage collaboratively to create this proposed solution with the aim to provide interventions for students who are still novice to programming.
Azhar, N., & Adnan, N. H. (2022). Mengkaji Kelemahan dan Kekuatan Dalam PdP Pengaturcaraan C #: Satu Kajian Kes. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 4(2), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.55057/jdpd.2022.4.2.25
Cansu, F. K., & Cansu, S. K. (2019). An Overview of Computational Thinking. International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools, 3(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.21585/ijcses.v3i1.53
De Jong, I., & Jeuring, J. (2020). Computational Thinking Interventions in Higher Education: A Scoping Literature Review of Interventions Used to Teach Computational Thinking. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428055
de Ruiter, L. E., & Bers, M. U. (2021). The Coding Stages Assessment: development and validation of an instrument for assessing young children’s proficiency in the ScratchJr programming language. Computer Science Education, 00(00), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2021.1956216
Fang, J. W., Shao, D., Hwang, G. J., & Chang, S. C. (2022). From Critique to Computational Thinking: A Peer-Assessment-Supported Problem Identification, Flow Definition, Coding, and Testing Approach for Computer Programming Instruction. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(5), 1301–1324. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211060470
Gouws, L., Bradshaw, K., & Wentworth, P. (2013). First year student performance in a test for computational thinking. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1145/2513456.2513484
Kapoor, A., Xie, T., Kwan, L., & Gardner-Mccune, C. (2023). Logistics, Affordances, and Evaluation of Build Programming. 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569756
Krauss, J., & Prottsman, K. (2017). Computational Thinking and Coding for Every Student. Corwin.
Kutay, E., & Oner, D. (2022). Coding with Minecraft: The Development of Middle School Students’ Computational Thinking. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 22(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3471573
Lai, R. P. Y., & Ellefson, M. R. (2022). How Multidimensional is Computational Thinking Competency? A Bi-Factor Model of the Computational Thinking Challenge. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 0(0), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331221121052
Li, Y., Xu, S., & Liu, J. (2021). Development and Validation of Computational Thinking Assessment of Chinese Elementary School Students. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 15, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909211010240
Melro, A., Tarling, G., Fujita, T., & Kleine Staarman, J. (2023). What Else Can Be Learned When Coding? A Configurative Literature Review of Learning Opportunities Through Computational Thinking. Journal of Educational Computing Research, February. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331221133822
Oliveira, M. C. (2022). The Development of Computational Thinking in Computing Higher Education. In Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2 (SIGCSE 2022), March 2022, Providence, RI, USA (Vol. 1, Issue 1). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3478432.3499217
Napiah, A. S. M., & Hashim, M. (2021). Tahap Kesediaan Guru Pelatih terhadap Pelaksanaan Pemikiran Komputasional. Journal of ICT in Education, 8(4), 81–103.
Nor, S. Z., & Khalid, F. (2020). Penggunaan Modul Berasaskan Pemikiran Komputasional dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Menyelesaikan Masalah Pengaturcaraan dalam Kalangan Pelajar Asas Sains Komputer. Proceeding of the International Conference on Global Education IX, Kpm 2017, 546–553.
Palts, T., & Pedaste, M. (2020). A model for developing computational thinking skills. Informatics in Education, 19(1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.15388/INFEDU.2020.06
Rosman, N., & Hamid, J. (2020). Penguasaan Konsep Pengaturcaraan Melalui Pembelajaran Teradun: Satu Kajian Kes. Journal of ICT in Education, 7(1), 52–57. https://doi.org/10.37134/jictie.vol7.1.6.2020
Sidek, S. F. (2022). The Design and Validation of A Tool to Measure Content Validity of A Computational thinking Game-Based Learning Module for Tertiary Educational Students. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.54476/iimrj01
Daud, S. S. M R. M. Z. (2023). Penilaian Pembangunan Modul Celik Programming Untuk Pelajar Kolej Vokasional Melalui Aspek Kesahan. Sains Humanika, 15(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v15n1.1993
Sovey, S., Osman, K., & Matore, M. E. E. M. (2022). Rasch Analysis for Disposition Levels of Computational Thinking Instrument Among Secondary School Students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 18(3), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/11794
Thorat, S. A., & Kshirsagar, D. P. (2021). Developing logic building, problem solving, and debugging programming skills among students. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 34(Special Issue), 402–406. https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2021/v34i0/157188
Totan, H. N., & Korucu, A. T. (2023). The Effect of Block Based Coding Education on the Students’ Attitudes about the Secondary School Students’ Computational Learning Skills and Coding Learning: Blocky Sample. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.24.10.1
Ummi, H., Mohd, A., Fatimah, S., & Mohd, Y. (2020). Pengintegrasian pemikiran komputasional dalam aktiviti pengaturcaraan dan robotik. International Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 2(2), 124–133. http://myjms.moe.gov.my/index.php/ijeapJournal
Van der Linde-Koomen, D., Jonker, H., & Voogt, J. (2023). Computational Thinking in Pre-vocational Education: A Focus on Coding Unplugged. Teaching Coding in K-12 Schools, 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21970-2_22
Wing, J. M. (2006). Les enjeux de la clarification des règles. Concurrences, 2018(3), 22–24.
Yadav, A., Good, J., Voogt, J., & Fisser, P. (2017). Computational thinking as an emerging competence domain. Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 23(January), 1051–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41713-4_49
Yagci, M. (2016). Blended learning experience in a programming language course and the effect of the thinking styles of the students on success and motivation. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 15(4), 32–45.
Yusoff, K. M. (2021). MODEL PENYELESAIAN MASALAH DALAM PENGATURCARAAN BERASASKAN PEMIKIRAN KOMPUTASIONAL (C-Think). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Yusoff, K. M., Ashaari, N. S., Wook, T. S. M. T., & Ali, N. M. (2021). Validation of the Components and Elements of Computational Thinking for Teaching and Learning Programming using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(1).
https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120111
