Numerous organizations are actively implementing occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) to ensure the creation of a safe and healthy workplace by removing or lowering the hazards using a proactive approach. Workplace safety is crucial, especially in developing countries, for businesses to continue functioning, thrive, and function at their best (James & Zoller, 2017; Kabir et al., 2018). One of the sectors in Malaysia with the highest accident rates is manufacturing. As in previous years, manufacturing had the greatest rate of occupational accidents in 2020 (4.12 events per 1,000 employees). Work-related accidents involving factory workers have been linked to a few factors, including the usage of heavy machinery, unsafe working conditions, and handling of hazardous products. The lack of safety education and the weak managerial commitment to employee safety contributed to the rising number in this statistic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework explaining the relationship between safety management practices, safety culture and safety performance.
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