Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are significant contributors to the economic development of a nation. The utilization of digital platforms by small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs has the potential to enhance business competitiveness, foster sustainability, and augment profitability. Nevertheless, there exists a cohort of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs who have yet to fully exploit the potential of digital platforms. Furthermore, there are even individuals within this group who lack the incentive to incorporate digital platforms into their business operations. The objective of this study is to utilize the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to forecast the determinants that impact the adoption of digital platforms among female entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the state of Kedah. In order to achieve these objectives, a quantitative research approach was employed. A survey instrument was employed to collect data from a sample of 440 participants, specifically individuals who identified as owners or managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The
employed sample methodology was purposive sampling. Subsequently, the data underwent analysis utilizing the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The results of this study indicate that several variables, including performance expectancy, social influence, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions, exert a substantial influence on the behavioral intention of female entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the state of Kedah to use digital platforms. The findings of this study hold significant implications for governments, business support organizations, and creators of digital platforms. It is crucial to incorporate these research findings into the development of interventions and strategies that aim to enhance the effective utilization of digital platforms among women entrepreneurs.
Abu, F. B. (2016). A study on adoption of technology in SMEs food industry: UTAUT Model [Master’s thesis, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka].
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/18205/1/A%20Study%20On%20Adoption%20Of%20Technology%20In%20SMEs%20Food%20Industry%20%20UTAUT%20Model%2024%20Pages.pdf
Abushakra, A., & Nikbin, D. (2019). Extending the UTAUT2 Model to Understand the Entrepreneurial Intention of Women Entrepreneurs to Adopt and Use E-commerce Technology. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 11(2), 244-267.
Adam, A. B., Jizat, J. E. B. M., & Nor, M. A. B. M. (2016). Internal factors within entrepreneurs that influence the acceptance and use of Social commerce among SMEs in Malaysia. DeReMa (Development Research of Management): Jurnal Manajemen, 11(1), 35-45.
Ajzen, I. (1991). Theories of cognitive self-regulation, the theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Al Mursalin, J. (2012). Information system adoption and usage: Validating UTAUT model for Bangladeshi SMEs. International Journal of Managment, IT and Engineering, 2(10), 1-19.
Atnafu, D., & Balda, A. (2018). The impact of inventory management practice on firms’ competitiveness and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1-16.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (3rd ed.). Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019). How entrepreneurial SMEs compete through digital platforms: The roles of digital platform capability, network capability and ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 100, 196-206.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 319-340.
Diamantopoulos, A., and Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263-282. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x.
Dutta, S., & Shivani, S. (2020). Modified UTAUT2 to Determine Intention and Use of E-Commerce Technology Among Micro & Small Women Entrepreneurs in Jharkhand, India. In Re-imagining Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology and Systems: A Continuing Conversation: IFIP WG 8.6 International Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, TDIT 2020, Tiruchirappalli, India, December 18–19, 2020, Proceedings, Part II (pp. 688-701). Springer International Publishing.
Effendi, M. I., Sugandini, D., & Istanto, Y. (2020). Social media adoption in SMEs impacted by COVID-19: The TOE model. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(11), 915-925.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., and Lang, A. (2009). G* Power Version 3.1.7 [Computer Software], Universitat Kiel, Kiel
Ghazawneh, A., and Henfridsson, O. (2015). A Paradigmatic Analysis of Digital Application Marketplaces. Journal of Information Technology, 30(3), 198–208.
Giotopoulos, I., Kontolaimou, A., Korra, E., & Tsakanikas, A. (2017). What drives ICT adoption by SMEs? Evidence from a large-scale survey in Greece. Journal of Business Research, 81, 60-69.
Gupta, G., & Bose, I. (2019). Strategic learning for digital market pioneering: Examining the transformation of Wishberry's crowdfunding model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 865-876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.06.020
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hair, J. F., Jr, Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., and Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2),106-121.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., and Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. doi: 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
Hamzah, N., & Othman, N. (2020). Kemahiran Keusahawanan Dan Kemahiran Kendiri Usahawan Luar Bandar. Jurnal Dunia Perniagaan, 2(4), 24-35. Retrieved from http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpn/article/view/11560
Handoko, B. L. (2020). UTAUT 2 model for entrepreneurship students on adopting technology. In 2020 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech) (pp. 191-196). IEEE.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modelling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 15-135. https://doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2017). Banci Ekonomi 2016: Statistik Milikan Wanita. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2021). Berita dan isu semasa impak Covid-19 kepada ekonomi. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.
Karimi, J., & Walter, Z. (2016). Corporate entrepreneurship, disruptive business model innovation adoption, and its performance: The case of the newspaper industry. Long Range Planning, 49(3), 342–360 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2015.09.004
Khazaei, H. (2016). Predictors of Acceptance of Electric Cars in Malaysia: Moderating Effects of Driving Experience and Voluntariness of Use. Innovation and Management, 1893.
Khazaei, H., and Khazaei, A. (2016). Electric vehicles and factors that influencing their adoption moderating effects of driving experience and voluntariness of use (conceptual framework). Journal of Business and Management, 18(12), 60-65
Kroh, J., Luetjen, H., Globocnik, D., & Schultz, C. (2018). Use and efficacy of information technology in innovation processes: the specific role of servitization. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(5), 720-741.
Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC). (2021). MDEC mulakan 100 Go Dgital Coaching bantu perniagaan ke arah pendigitalan. Retrieved from https://mdec.my/ms/news/mdec-kicks-off-100-go-digital-to-assist-businesses-in-digitalisation/
Markus, M. L., Steinfield, C. W., Wigand, R. T., & Minton, G. (2006). Industry-wide in-formation systems standardization as collective action: The case of the U.S. residential mortgage industry. MIS Quarterly, 30, 439–465.
Melville, N., Kraemer, K., & Gurbaxani, V. (2004). Review: Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value. MIS Quarterly, 28(2), 283–322.
Memon, M. A., Ting, H., Cheah, J. H., Ramayah, T., Chuah, F., and Cham, T. H. (2020). Sample size for survey research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 4(2),1-20. https://doi: 10.47263/JASEM.
Mikalef, P., & Pateli, A. (2017). Information technology-enabled dynamic capabilities and their indirect effect on competitive performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 70, 1-16.
Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Cooperative Development (MEDAC). (2019). Dasar Keusahawanan Nasional 2030. Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi (MEDEC).
Mittal, S., Khan, M. A., Romero, D., & Wuest, T. (2018). A critical review of smart manufacturing & Industry 4.0 maturity models: Implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Journal of manufacturing systems, 49, 194-214.
Moghavvemi, S., and Salleh, N. A. M., & Standing, C. (2016). Entrepreneur adoption of information system innovation. Internet Research, 26(5), 1181 – 1208. DOI: 10.1108/IntR-01-2014-0024.
Salleh, M. N. A., Rohde, F., & Green, P. (2017). Information systems enacted capabilities and their effects on SMEs' information systems adoption behavior. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(3), 332–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12226.
Moore, G. C., & Benbasat, I. (1991). Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 192-222.
Mugambe, P. (2017). UTAUT model in explaining the adoption of mobile money usage by MSMEs' customers in Uganda. Advances in Economics and Business, 5(3), 129-136.
Muller, J. M. (2019). Antecedents to digital platform usage in Industry 4.0 by established manufacturers. Sustainability, 11(4), 1121.
Prime Minister's Office. (2020). Teks Ucapan: Pelan Jana Semula Ekonomi Negara (PENJANA). Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/2020/06/teks-ucapan-pelan-jana-semula-ekonomi-negara-penjana/
Ramayah, T., Cheah, J.H., Chuah, F., Ting, H. and Memon, M.A. (2018). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0: An updated practical guide to statistical analysis (2nd ed.). Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
Ramdan, M., Abdullah, N., Mat Isa, R., & Hanafiah, M. (2020). Meneroka Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Platform Digital oleh Perusahaan Mikro dan Kecil. Jurnal Pengurusan (UKM Journal of Management), 59. Retrieved
from https://ejournal.ukm.my/pengurusan/article/view
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., and Becker, J.-M. (2022). SmartPLS 4, available at: www.smartpls.com
Rozmi, A. N. A., Bakar, M. I. A., Hadi, A. R. A., & Nordin, A. I. (2019). Investigating the intentions to adopt ICT in Malaysian SMEs using the UTAUT Model. In International Visual Informatics Conference (pp. 477-487). Springer, Cham.
Sarstedt, M., and Mooi, E. (2019). A concise guide to market research (3rd ed.), Springer.
Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., and Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322-2347. https://doi: 10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189.
Shu, R., Ren, S., & Zheng, Y. (2018). Building networks into discovery: The link between entrepreneur network capability and entrepreneurial opportunity discovery. Journal of Business Research, 85, 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.048.
Siska, L. (2018). The first and the second generation of statistical methods in management accounting research. Paper presented at the 18th Annual Conference on Finance and Accounting (ACFA), Cham, Switzerland.
SME Corp. Malaysia. (2018). Kaji Selidik Pendigitalan terhadap PKS pada Tahun 2018. Retrieved from https://smecorp.gov.my/
SME Corp. Malaysia. (2019). Laporan Tahunan PKS 2018/19. Kuala Lumpur Perbadanan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana Malaysia.
Surachim, A., Hurriyati, R., Lisnawati, L., Sulastri, S., & Mulyadi, H. (2018). Using social media to promote student entrepreneurship. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 26, 73-183.
Thompson, R. L., Higgins, C. A., & Howell, J. M. (1994). Influence of experience on personal computer utilization: Testing a conceptual model. Journal of management information systems, 11(1), 167-187.
Tilson, D., Sorensen, C., and Lyytinen, K. (2012). Change and Control Paradoxes in Mobile Infrastructure Innovation: The Android and iOS Mobile Operating Systems Cases, In: 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Science (HICSS 45), Maui, HI. Sustainability 11(4): 1-23.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G., & Davis, F. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: towards a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157-178.
Williams, M. D., Dwivedi, Y. K., Lal, B., & Schwarz, A. (2009). Contemporary trends and issues in IT adoption and diffusion research. Journal of Information Technology, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2008.30
Yahaya, J. H., Ibrahim, S. R. A., Hamdan, A. R., Deraman, A., & Jusoh, Y. Y. (2018). Model kesediaan pelaksanaan teknologi maklumat untuk Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana ke arah era revolusi Industri 4.0. Jurnal Pengurusan 54(2018), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2018-54-16.
Yaseen, S. G., & El Qirem, I. A. (2018). Intention to use e-banking services in the Jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(3), 557-571.
