International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

A Pilot Study on the Physical Parameters and Skill Performance Analysis among Pakistani Elite Male Field Hockey Players

Open access

Marrium Bashir, Soh Kim Geok, Shamsulariffin Samsudin, Saddam Akbar, Suriyan Somphong, Siswantoyo , Erwin Setyo Kriswanto

Pages 4379-4388 Received: 20 Oct, 2023 Revised: 22 Nov, 2023 Published Online: 25 Dec, 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v13-i12/8013
This study aimed to analyze the physical parameters and skill performance of elite male field hockey players in Pakistan. Explore a pilot method for developing reliable physical and skill performance parameters. This study surveyed 16 elite players aged 19 to 23 years in Faisalabad Hockey Training Club in 2023. The mean ± standard deviation between groups was measured by descriptive statistics, and the reliability of the research tool was established by test-retest. Test-retest is establishing the reliability of the research tool. Intraclass correlations for all variables are between 0.886 and 0.963. This is the first study of physical parameters and skill performance analysis among elite male field hockey players in Pakistan. It was confirmed that the test procedure had high reliability and accurately reflected the performance of the participants. This will provide future researchers with a way to accurately measure. Furthermore, the methods and tests used in this study are conveniently and affordably applicable at training facilities. These conditions are necessary to enhance the performance and growth of hockey athletes, particularly in countries with low levels of economic investment.
Alvares P.D., A.D. Reis, R.R. Diniz, F.A. Lima, M.C.R. Soares, G.B. Pereira (2014) Relação do perfil antropométrico com a força e agilidade de jogadores de handebol. Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício, 8, 354.
American College of Sports Medicine. (2014). ACSM’s resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 39.
Bolarinwa, O. A. (2015). Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of questionnaires used in social and health science researches. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 22(4), 195-201.
Cabral S.A.T., B.G.A.T. Cabral, V.C.M. Pinto, R.D. Andrade, M.V.O. Borges, P.M.S. Dantas (2016) Relação da idade óssea com antropometria e aptidão física em jovens praticantes de voleibol. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 38: 69-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2015.12.003.
Chapman, N. L. (1982). Chapman ball control test—Field hockey. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53(3), 239-242.
Deprez D., J. Fransen, M. Lenoir, R.M. Philippaerts, R. Vaeyens (2015) A retrospective study on anthropometrical, physical fitness and motor coordination characteristics that influence drop out, contract status and first-team playing time in high-level soccer players, aged 8 to 18 years. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29: 1692-704. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000806.
Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Visscher, C., Lemmink, K. A., & Mulder, T. (2007). Multidimensional performance characteristics and standard of performance in talented youth field hockey players: A longitudinal study. Journal of sports sciences, 25(4), 481-489.
Elferink-Gemser, M., Visscher, C., Lemmink, K., & Mulder, T. (2004). Relation between multidimensional performance characteristics and level of performance in talented youth field hockey players. Journal of sports sciences, 22(11-12), 1053-1063.
Fawcett, M., & DeBeliso, M. (2014). The validity and reliability of push-ups as a measure of upper body strength for 11-12 year-old females. Journal of Fitness Research, 3(1), 4-11.
Gomes J.H., R.G. Chaves, A. Evangelista, M.A. Charro, D.S. Bocalini, A.J. Figueira Junior (2015) Relationship between anthropometrics, physical performance and game statistics in young elite basketball players. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento, 23: 66-73. DOI: 10.18511/0103-1716/rbcm.v23n2p66-73.
Hachana, Y., Chaabène, H., Nabli, M. A., Attia, A., Moualhi, J., Farhat, N., & Elloumi, M. (2013). Test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and minimal detectable change of the Illinois agility test in male team sport athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(10), 2752-2759.
Haj-Sassi, R., Dardouri, W., Gharbi, Z., Chaouachi, A., Mansour, H., Rabhi, A., & Mahfoudhi, M. E. (2011). Reliability and validity of a new repeated agility test as a measure of anaerobic and explosive power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 472-480.
Hashim, A., Ariffin, A., Hashim, A. T., & Yusof, A. B. (2018). Reliability and validity of the 90º push-ups test protocol. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(06), 10-18535.
Jackson A.S., M.L. Pollock (1978) Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40: 497-504.
Johnston R.D., T.J. Gabbett, D.G. Jenkins (2015) The influence of physical fitness and playing standard on pacing strategies during a team-sport tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10: 1001-1008. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0005.
Karkare A. (2011) Anthropometric measurements and body composition of hockey players with respect to their playing positions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,1, 5-8.
Keogh J.W.L., C.L. Weber, C.T. Dalton (2003) Evaluation of anthropometric, physiological, and skill-related tests for talent identification in female field hockey. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 28: 397-409. DOI: 10.1139/h03-029.
Keogh, J. W., Weber, C. L., & Dalton, C. T. (2003). Evaluation of anthropometric, physiological, and skill-related tests for talent identification in female field hockey. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 28(3), 397-409.
Koley S., J.H.A. Santosh, J.S. Sandhu (2012) Study of back strength and its association with selected anthropometric and physical fitness variables in inter-university hockey players. Anthropologist, 14: 359-363.
Lemmink K.A.P.M., M.T. Elferink-Gemser, C. Visscher (2004) Evaluation of the reliability of two field hockey specific sprint and dribble tests in young field hockey players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38: 138-142. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.001446.
Lythe, J., & Kilding, A. E. (2011). Physical demands and physiological responses during elite field hockey. International journal of sports medicine, 523-528.
Manna, I., Khanna, G. L., & Dhara, P. C. (2009). Training induced changes on physiological and biochemical variables of young Indian field hockey players. Biology of Sport, 26(1), 33.
Marfell-Jones M., T. Olds, A. Stewart, L. Carter (2006) International standards for anthropometric assessment. Potchefstroom, South Africa: ISAK. p. 51.
Nigro, F., Bartolomei, S., & Merni, F. (2016). Validity of Different Systems for Time Measurement in 30m-Sprint Test. In 8th International Conference for Youth Sport.
Nikolaidis P.T. (2014) Evaluation of fatigue in semi-professional football players: association between overtraining and physical fitness. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 6(1): 51-55. DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2014-0009.
Nikolaidis, P.T. (2011) Association between submaximal and maximal measures of aerobic power in female adolescents. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 3, 106-110. DOI: 10.2478/v10101-011-0023-4.
Opstoel K., J. Pion, M. Elferink-Gemser, E. Hartman, B. Willemse, R. Philippaerts, C. Visscher, M. Lenoir (2015) Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and motor coordination of 9 to 11 year old children participating in a wide range of sports. PLoS One, 10(5): e0126282. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126282.
Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443-450.
Pion J., M. Lenoir, B. Vandorpe, V. Segers (2015) Talent in female gymnastics: a survival analysis based upon performance characteristics. International Journal of Sports Medicine , 36: 935-940. DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548887.
Raya, M. A., Gailey, R. S., Gaunaurd, I. A., Jayne, D. M., Campbell, S. M., Gagne, E., ... & Tucker, C. (2013). Comparison of three agility tests with male servicemembers: Edgren Side Step Test, T-Test, and Illinois Agility Test. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 50(7). 951-960.
Reilly, T., & Bretherton, S. (1986). Multivariate analysis of fitness of female field hockey players. Perspectives in kinanthropometry, 135-142.
Scott PA. (1991) Morphological characteristics of elite male field hockey players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31: 57-61.
Sharma, A., Tripathi, V., & Koley, S. (2012). Correlations of anthropometric characteristics with physical fitness tests in Indian professional hockey players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise [en línea],7(3), 698-705.
Sharma, H. B., & Kailashiya, J. (2018). Effects of 6-week sprint-strength and agility training on body composition, cardiovascular, and physiological parameters of male field hockey players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(4), 894-901.
Silva J.E., J.C. Voltolini, R.S. Brito (2015) Relation between body mass, stature and VO2max with measures of physical performance in football athletes. Rev. Bras. Futsal Futebol, 7: 59-66.
Singh M., K.M. Singh, K. Singh (2010) Anthropometric measurements, body composition and physical parameters of Indian, Pakistani and Sri Lankan field hockey players. Serb. J. Sports Sci., 4: 47-52.
Stöggl R., E. Müller, T. Stöggl (2015) Motor abilities and anthropometrics in youth cross-country skiing. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 25: e70-81. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12254.
Sunderland, C., Cooke, K., Milne, H., Pout, M., & Nevill, M. (2003). Reliability and validity of a field hockey skill test. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 289-290.
Tapsell, L. C., Binnie, M. J., Lay, B. S., Dawson, B. T., & Goods, P. S. (2022). Validity and reliability of a field hockey-specific dribbling speed test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(6), 1720-1725.
Thomas JR, Nelson JK, Silverman SJ. Measuring research variables. In: Research Methods in Physical Activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2015.pp. 193–201.
Waldhelm, A., & Li, L. (2012). Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1(2), 121-128.
Wassmer, D. J., & Mookerjee, S. (2002). A descriptive profile of elite US women's collegiate field hockey players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(2), 165.