International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

College EFL Students' Online English Learning Motivation in the Post-pandemic Era in China: Taking ARCS Motivation Model as the Analysis Standard

Open access

Wu Zhangli , Lilliati Ismail, Norhakimah Khaiessa Ahmad, Omer Hassan Ali Mahfoodh, Wang Xuewen

Pages 167-179 Received: 12 Oct, 2023 Revised: 08 Nov, 2023 Published Online: 05 Dec, 2023

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v13-i12/7690
Securing the continuous progress of online English courses in the post-pandemic era presents a significant challenge for educators at the college level, particularly in terms of fostering and sustaining students' motivation for learning. Consequently, this research endeavors to explore the motivation of Chinese college students studying English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in the post-pandemic context through the utilization of the ARCS motivational questionnaire. The questionnaire, along with interviews conducted for research purposes, was administered to a sample of 262 sophomore students majoring in fields other than English. Data analysis revealed that, in the landscape of online English education during the post-pandemic era, educators generally demonstrate a commendable level of attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. Nonetheless, certain specific issues persist, as indicated by students' feedback and suggestions during the interviews. Given the continued prominence of online teaching in specific regions during the post-pandemic period, it is imperative for educational institutions and educators to collaborate in order to enhance the quality of online instruction.

Asiksoy, G., & Ozdamli, F. (2016). Flipped classroom adapted to the ARCS model of motivation and applied to a physics course. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12(6), 1589-1603.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Chang, M.-M., & Lehman, J. D. (2002). Learning foreign language through an interactive multimedia program: An experimental study on the effects of the relevance component of the ARCS model. CALICO journal, 81-98.
Chang, Y.-H., Lin, P.-R., & Lu, Y.-T. (2020). Development of a Kinect-based English learning system based on integrating the ARCS model with situated learning. Sustainability, 12(5), 2037.
ChanLin, L. J. (2009). Applying motivational analysis in a Web?based course. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46(1), 91-103.
Creswell, J. W., & Tashakkori, A. (2007). Differing perspectives on mixed methods research. In (Vol. 1, pp. 303-308): Sage publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Durrani, U., & Kamal, M. M. (2021). Towards applying ARCS model for a blended teaching methodologies: A quantitative research on students’ motivation amid the COVID-19. Design, Learning, and Innovation: 5th EAI International Conference, DLI 2020, Virtual Event, December 10-11, 2020, Proceedings 5,
Durrani, U. K., & Kamal, M. M. (2021). Application of ARCS model for a blended teaching methodologies: a study of students’ motivation amid the COVID-19. EAI Endorsed Transactions on e-Learning, 7(21), e2-e2.
Hernandez, F. S. S., & Florez, A. N. S. (2020). Online teaching during Covid-19: How to maintain students motivated in an EFL class. Linguistics and Literature Review6 (2), 157-171.
Gao, H., Ou, Y., Zhang, Z., Ni, M., Zhou, X., & Liao, L. (2021). The relationship between family support and e-learning engagement in college students: the mediating role of e-learning normative consciousness and behaviors and self-efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 573779.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7890012/pdf/fpsyg-12-573779.pdf
Gumus, O., & Basoz, T. (2021). Exploring Motivational Surges among Tertiary Level L2 Learners: Directed Motivational Currents in Focus. TESL-EJ, 25(3), n3.
Hariyanto, H., Joyoatmojo, S., Nurkamto, J., & Gunarhadi, G. (2019). Correlation of learning motivation based on ARCS model with English achievement of midwifery students. Lingua Cultura, 13(3), 161-166.
Jackman, W. M. (2019). YouTube usage in the university classroom: An argument for its pedagogical benefits. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 14(9), 157.
Jeon, E.-Y. (2021). What makes them the best English teachers? An analysis of the motivational strategy use based on ARCS model. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 20(3), 263-278.
Jeong, K.-O. (2019). Online collaborative language learning for enhancing learner motivation and classroom engagement. International Journal of Contents, 15(4), 89-96.
Kawasaki, H., Yamasaki, S., Masuoka, Y., Iwasa, M., Fukita, S., & Matsuyama, R. (2021). Remote teaching due to COVID-19: An exploration of its effectiveness and issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2672. https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/ijerph/ijerph-18-02672/article_deploy/ijerph-18-02672-v2.pdf?version=1615354542
Keller, J. M. (1979). Motivation and instructional design: A theoretical perspective. Journal of instructional development, 26-34.
Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of instructional development, 10(3), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02905780
Keller, J. M. (1999). Using the ARCS motivational process in computer?based instruction and distance education. New directions for teaching and learning, 1999(78), 37-47.
Keller, J. M., & Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design research and development. Springer.
Kurt, P. Y., & Kecik, I. (2017). The effects of ARCS motivational model on student motivation to learn English. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching.
Laurens Arredondo, L. A., & Valdés Riquelme, H. (2022). M?learning adapted to the ARCS model of motivation and applied to a kinematics course. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 30(1), 77-92.
Li, G., Yang, H., & Zhang, J. An Action Research on Applying the ARCS Model and Stratified Teaching in an English Reading Class in a Chinese Elementary School.
Li, K., & Keller, J. M. (2018). Use of the ARCS model in education: A literature review. Computers & Education, 122, 54-62.
Li, K., & Moore, D. R. (2018). Motivating students in massive open online courses (MOOCs) using the attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction (arcs) model. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 2, 102-113.
Liang, J., & Li, Y. (2023). A Novel Method for Constructing Online Learning Paths Based on Cognitive Level Assessment of College Students. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 18(11), 93-109.
https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i11.41079
Ma, L., & Lee, C. S. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning using the ARCS model. Journal of computer assisted learning, 37(5), 1397-1408.
Mandasari, B., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2021). Flipped classroom learning model: implementation and its impact on EFL learners’ satisfaction on grammar class. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 8(1), 150-158.
Pratama, R. W., Sudiyanto, S., & Riyadi, R. (2019). The Development Of Attention, Relevance, Confidence, And Satisfaction (ARCS) Model Based on Active Learning to Improve Students' learning Motivation. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1), 59-66.
Pugacheva, N., Kirillova, T., Kirillova, O., Luchinina, A., Korolyuk, I., & Lunev, A. (2020). Digital paradigm in educational management: The case of construction education based on emerging technologies. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(13), 96-115.
Putra, R. W. P. (2021). Improving the students’ motivation in learning English through Google Meet during the online learning. English Learning Innovation (englie), 2(1), 35-42.
Siying, M., Jie, Z., & Ruifeng, L. (2021). A Study on the “SFL” Model of College English Blended Teaching in Smokeless Campus in the Post-epidemic Era. Tobacco Regulatory Science, 7(6), 5197-5209.
Sugarman, J., & Lazarin, M. (2020). Educating English Learners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www. migrationpolicy. org/research/english-learners-covid-19-pandemic-policy-ideas.
Sulistiyo, U. (2016). Learning English as A Foreign Language in An Indonesian University: A Study of Non-English Departement Students' Preferred Activities Inside and Outside the Classroom. IJET.
Tayebinik, M., & Puteh, M. (2013). Blended Learning or E-learning? arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.4085.
Truong, M. T., & Murray, J. (2019). Understanding Language Teacher Motivation in Online Professional Development: A Study of Vietnamese EFL Teachers. TESL-EJ, 23(3), n3.
Turan, Z., & Akdag-Cimen, B. (2020). Flipped classroom in English language teaching: a systematic review. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(5-6), 590-606.
Yang, N. (2020). Research on the Application of BOPPPS Teaching Mode in the Interactive Integration of Online and Offline Teaching in Colleges and Universities During Post-epidemic Period. 2020 Conference on Education, Language and Inter-cultural Communication (ELIC 2020),
Zhu, X., & Liu, J. (2020). Education in and after Covid-19: Immediate responses and long-term visions. Postdigital Science and Education, 2, 695-699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00126-3