This research focuses on causes of low female literacy in FATA areas of Pakistan. The area of this study is nowadays undergoing terrorist activities and military operations. Majority of people in the study area are internally displaced called IDPs due to the unfavorable situation. Unfortunately in Pakistan the level of literacy is extremely low and hardly touches 57% including 69% males and 45% females. Especially female literacy rate is very low and in particular this level in rural and tribal areas of Pakistan is alarming. Many researchers have done valuable works on the same topic from different angles but this research focuses the same topic from different angles. Sample for the study has been taken from females of Jalozai camp consists of migrants from FATA through simple questionnaire method. The empirical result of regression analysis shows that reasons behind this low female literacy are terrorist activities (like bomb blasting, kidnapping and target killing), rude custom of early age marriages in these conflicts areas and parent’s illiteracy. The result received from regression analysis shows that there is strong relation between dependent and independent variables.
• Naqvi, A., Khan, S. Z. & Ahmad, Z. (2012). The impact of militancy on education in FATA. Journal of peace and development: Volume, 11.
• Asghar, N. (2013). Adverse impact of militancy on the development of children in FATA.
• Bari, F. (2010). Gender perceptions and impact of terrorism/Talibanization on female education in Pakistan.
• Bates, D.M. & Watts, D.G. (1998). Nonlinear regression analysis and its implications. New York: Willy.
• Chaudhry, M.A. (2005). Pakistan: where and who are world’s illiterates? Paper commissioned for EFA global monitoring report 2006, literacy for life. 2006/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/22.
• Hashmi, N. Zafar, M.I. & Ali, T. (2009). low female education attainment in rural Pakistan: causes and remedies. Pakistan journal of sciences: vol. 61 No.4.
• Hutcheson, G.D. (2011). Ordinary Least Squares Regression in L. Mountinho G.D. Hutcheson, the SAGE dictionary of Quantitative Management Research Pages 224-228.
• Khalid, H.S. & Mukhtar, E.M. (2002). The future of girls’ education in Pakistan. UNESCO office, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• Khurram, M. A., Memon, G. R. & Joubish, M. A. (2010). Education in Pakistan: the key issues, problems and the new challenges. Middle East journal of Scientific Research 6 (6): 672-677, 2010.
• Lambert, M. Zeman, K. Allen, M. & Bussiere, P. (2001). Who pursues postsecondary education, who leaves and why: results from youth in transition survey.
• Lewis, M.B. Bryman, & Futing, T. (2003). encyclopaedia of social sciences research methods. Thousand Oaks (CA).
• Palckett, R.L. (1972). The discovery of method of least squares. Biometrica, 59, 239-51.
• Pervez, P. (2006). Exclusion of girls from education in rural Pakistan, EENET Asia newsletter (2), 24-25.
Copyright: © 2014 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
