This is a conceptual paper to study the relationship between racial integration and democracy outcomes of multi-ethnic students in Malaysia higher institutions. Malaysia is created of several ethnic groups, every of that has its own culture and heritage such as language, beliefs, customs and more. As such, Malaysians are aware of this and therefore national unity must be nurtured so that the progress of the nation can be built without any hindrance and one of them is through education. However, Malaysian citizens having a distinctly different native language and a distinctive system of early childhood education or better known at the primary school level has left students isolated and out of touch with each other, leading to very limited interactions between different ethnic students and also another issue of concerned is regarding democracy outcomes of these students. Therefore, the general aim of the current study is to identify the racial integration with democracy outcomes among multi-ethnic students in the Institutions of Higher Learning and to examine the mediating effect of social interaction factor between those students. The research will be conducted using quantitative method and going to be supported by open-ended questions as to help the researcher to generate the best research findings. A total of 400 structured questionnaires were distributed through a convenience sampling technique. All the data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS latest version) program through descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson Product Coefficient (r) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied to answer research questions of this study
Abdullah, Christina, A. (2009). “Multicultural education in early childhood: Issues and challenges”, Journal of International Cooperation in Education, Vol. 12 No. 1 P. 159-175.
Ahmad, Y., Aziz, N. A. M. K., Sulaiman, S., Mutalib, A. S. & Rose, N. N. (2018). Cross Ethnic Friendship among Multi-ethnic Students and Teacher’s Role in Supporting Cultural Diversity in School. MATEC Web of Conferences 150, 05057
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Astin, A. W. (1993a). Diversity and multiculturalism on campus: How are students affected? Change, 25(2), 44–49.
Astin, A. W. (1991). The changing American college student: implications for educational policy and practice. Higher Education 22: 129-143, 1991.
Astin, A. W. (1993). Diversity and multiculturalism on campus: How are students affected? Change, 25(2), 44–49.
Ary, D., Jacob, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to research in education (6th Ed.). United States: Wadsworth
Antonakis, J., Chriesheim, C. A., Donovan, J. A., Gopalakrishna-Pillai, K., Pellegrini, E. K., & Rossomme. (2004b). Methods for studying leadership in Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A.T., and Sternberg, R.J. (Eds.), The Nature of Leadership (pp. 48-70). USA: Stage Publications.
Asiamah, N., Mensah, H. K., & Oteng-Abayie, E. (2017). General, Target, and Accessible Population: Demystifying the Concepts for Effective Sampling. The Qualitative Report, 22(6), 1607-1621. Retrieved from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol22/iss6/9
Azimi, H., Mansor, M., Abidin, Z. M., Ezhar, T., Wong, S. L., & Moltan, J. (2005). Youth as foundation for unity and solidarity: A study inter-ethnic tolerance. IRPA Report
Aziz, Z., Salleh, A., & Ribu, H.E. (2010) .A Study of National Integration: Impact of Multicultural Values. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 7(C) 691–700
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (1993). Research in education (7th Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Babbie, E. (2001). The practice of social research. (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Bastedo, M., Batjargal, B., Eufrasio, P., & Yaraslav, P. (2009). Educational policies for integrating college competencies and workforce needs: cases from Brazil, Mongolia, Ukraine and the United States. Issues Bief. Institute for Higher Education Policy.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Planning, conducting and evaluating quatitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). New Jersey, US: Pearson Education.
Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1980). Research methods in education. London: Croom Helm
Chang, M. J. (2005). Reconsidering the diversity rationale. Liberal Education, 2005,
91(1), 6–13.
Christensen, B. L., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2011). Research Methods, Design and Analysis. Boston: Pearson.
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons
Denson, T. F., Pedersen, W. C., Friese, M., Hahm, A., & Roberts, L. (2011). Understanding impulsive aggression: Angry rumination and reduced self-control capacity are mechanisms underlying the provocation-aggression relationship. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 850–862.
Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide for Small Scale Research Projects (4th ed.). Buckingham: Open University Press.
Department of Statistics Malaysia (2019). Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/ at August 20, 2019.
Dusi, P., Steinbach, M., & Messetti, G. (2012). Citizenship education in multicultural society: teachers' practices. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69 (2012) 1410 – 1419
Frey, L. R., Botan, C. H., & Kreps, G. L. (2000). National Cancer Institute .Investigating Communication: An Introduction to Research Methods, (2th ed.): Pearson.
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to desIgn and evaluate research in education (8th Ed.). New York: Mc Graw HIll.
Gray, D. (2004). Doing research in the real world. Califonia: Sage publication, Thousand Osaka.
Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational Research. Florida international
In-Text Citation: (Majid et al., 2019)
To Cite this Article: Majid, N. A., Hassan, A., & Hassan, N. C. (2019). Racial Integration of Multi-Ethnic Students in Malaysia Higher Institutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(12), 608–625.
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
