The development of religious extremism is driven by various internal and external factors. In addition, it also involves women either as fighters or victims of war. In this regard, this study discusses the external factors of women's involvement in groups of religious extremists, particularly in Daesh group. In order to achieve the objective, this qualitative study was conducted through library approach and interviews with the deradicalization experts, case witnesses and police authorities. The data collected were analysed inductively showing that women's involvement in religious extremism is driven by a variety of external factors, including; deceived by sweet promises such as heavenly rewards and a marriage to the male fighter. They were easily exploited and manipulated by the male fighters too. Therefore, authorities need to take critical actions to restrain the involvement of women and men in this movement.
Ali, M. R. (2015). ISIS and Propaganda: How ISIS Exploits Women. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
Archetti, C. (2014). Terrorism, Communication and The Media. Terrorism and Political Violence, ed. C. Kennedy-Pipe, G.Cubb dan S. Mabon. London: Sage.
Awan, A. N. (2007). Virtual Jihadist Media: Function, Legitimacy and Radicalizing Efficacy. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10, 2-21.
Bakker, E. (2006). Jihadi Terrorists in Europe: Their Characteristics and the Circumstances in Which They Joined the Jihad: An Exploratory Study. Netherland: Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
Beutal, A. J. (2007). Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism in Western Muslim Comunities: Lessons Learned for America. USA: Minarete of Freedom Institute.
Dunn, K. M. (2011). Challenging Racism: The Anti-Racism Research Project. University of Western Sydney, Australia.
Hassan, A. S. A. (2016). Daesh: Kebangkitan dan Pengaruh Media Sosial. Jurnal Komunikasi, 32, 381-404.
Hizam, H. & Zamihan, M. Z. (2016). Bahaya ISIS (DAESH). Bangi: al-Himma Enterprise.
Kabir, N. A. (2007). Muslims in Australia: The Double Edge of Terrorism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33, 1277-1297.
Kamali, M. H. (2015). Extremism, Terrorism and Islam: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR), 6, 150-151.
Kneip, K. (2016). Female Jihad – Women in the ISIS. POLITICON the IAPSS Acedemic Journal, 29 (89), 88-106.
Levesque, R. J. R. (2011). Exstremism. Dlm. Ensyclopedia of Adolescence. Levesque, R.J.R. (ed.). New York: Springer.
Maszlee, M. (2016). Siapakah ISIS?. ISIS. Batu Caves: PTS Publishing House.
McCauley, C. (2012). Testing Theories of Radicalization in Polls of U.S. Muslims. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 12, 296-311.
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks. Annual Review of Sociolog, 27, 415-444.
Merriem, S. B. (2002). Introduction to Qualitative Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. London: Sage Publications.
Piaw, C. Y. (2011). Kaedah Penyelidikan, ed. 2. Kuala Lumpur: Mc Gram Hill.
Rafiq, H. & Malik, N. (2015). Caliphettes: Women and the Appeal of Islamic State. Quilliam Foundation.
Rahimullah. (2013). Understanding Violent Radicalization Amongst Muslims: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 1 (1), 21-23.
Razak, M. I. A. (2018). Isu-isu Wanita dalam Fiqh Jihad Kumpulan Ekstremisme Agama: Kajian Terhadap Majalah Dabiq dan Kaitannya di Malaysia. Tesis PhD. Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Sapurto, M. E. (2016). Probabilitas Teroris Perempuan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 14, 211-228.
Stevens, T. & Neumann, P. R. (2009). Countering Online Radicalisation. A Strategy for Action. London: The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR).
Townsend, M. (2006). Official: Iraq War Led to July Bombings. The Observer, http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1745085,00.html.
Veldhuis, T., & Staun, J. (2009). Islamist Radicalisation: A Root Cause Model. Netherland: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael.
Weimann, G. (2016). Why Do Terrorist Migrate to Social Media?. Dlm. Violent Extremism Online: New Perspective on Terrorism and the Internet. Ed. Aly, A., Macdonald, S. Jarvis, L. & Chen. London: Routledge.
In-Text Citation: (Razak, Rahman, Noor, Khalid, & Basir, 2019)
To Cite this Article: Razak, M. I. A., Rahman, M. F. A., Noor, A. F. M., Khalid, N., & Basir, M. A. R. K. K. A. (2019). An Analysis on The External Factors of Malaysian Women’s Involvement in Extremism Group. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 479–486.
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode