Chronic unemployment is seen to be one of the most contributing factors of relapse among drug addicts in Malaysia. Many interventions had been implemented by the government to helps the client with fully abstinent. However, the number of drug addicts can’t be deemed to be reduced especially for those who are unemployed. Thus, NADA’s Career Counseling Model had been developed to intervened with the unemployment issue among drug addicts to prevent relapse. 25 participants had been involved in this research with the aimed to identify the effectiveness of NADA’s Career Counseling Model through a qualitative approach. 10 sessions had been conducted with directed counseling module which emphasized on the self-concept and career maturity of the former drug addicts. Facilitator's observation, semi-structured written interview, and in-depth interview had been considered as the research finding to determine the effectiveness of the Career Counseling Model in enhancing their self-concept and career maturity.
Boundy, D., & Collelo, T. (2001). Preventing Relapse Among Inner-City Recovering Addict. Retrieved from Reelizations Media.
Boyatzis , R. E. (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in Psychology, 77-101.
Carmichael, J., Linn, M., Pratt, T., & Webb, N. (1977). Self-concept and Substance Abuse Treatment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 18(4), 357-362. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(77)90007-4
Chua, Y. P. (2006). Research Statistic. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.
Creswell, J. (2008). Education Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Fauziah, I., & Naresh, K. (2009). Factors Affecting Drug Relapse in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 5(12), 37-44.
Fauziah, I., Bahaman, A. S., Mansor, A. T., & Mohamad Shatar, S. (2012). Penagih dadah dan keadaan berisiko tinggi kembali relaps. Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 38-49.
Henkel, D. (2011). Unemployment and Substance Use: A review of the literature. Current Drug Abuse Review, 4-27.
Kidd, J. (2007). Career Counseling: Handbook of Career Studies. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Magnusson, K. (1995). Five Processes of Career Planning. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services.
McLellan, A. T., Lewis, D. C., & O'Brien, C. P. (2000). Drug Dependence, a Chronic Medical Illness: Implications for Treatment, Insurance, and Outcomes Evaluation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(13), 1689–1695.
Myers, A. H., Baker, S. P., Li, G., Smith, G. S., Wiker, S., Liang, K. Y., & Johnson, J. V. (1999). Back injury in municipal workers: A case-control study. American Journal of Public Health, 1036-1041.
O'Connell, T. S. (2001). Self-Concept: A Study of Outdoor Adventure Education with Adolescents. New York: New York University, School of Education.
Ohler , D. L., Levinson, E. M., & Hays, G. M. (1996). The relationship between congruence, consistency, differentiation, and career maturity among individuals with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Employment Counseling, 33, 208-222.
Opp. (2007). Occupational Therapy. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/About-OccupationalTherapy/Professionals/MH/Articles/RecoveryWithPurpose.aspx
Platt, J. J. (1995). Vocational rehabilitation of drug abusers. Psychological Bulletin, 416.
Purkey, W. W. (1970). Self-Concept and School Achievement. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rabani Bavojdan, M., Towhidi, A., & Rahmati, A. (2011). The relationship between mental health and general self-efficacy beliefs, coping strategies and locus of control in male drug abusers. Addict Health, 3(3 & 4).
Rogers, C. R. (1951). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Rushdi, A., Robson, N. Z., Muhammad M, A. Z., & Mohamad, H. (2008). A fifty-year challenge in managing drug addiction in Malaysia.
Samuels, D., & Samuels, M. (1974). Low Self-Concept as a Cause of Drug Abuse. Journal of Drug Education, 4(4), 421-438.
Savickas, M. L. (1984). Career maturity: The construct and its appraisal. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 32, 222–231.
Super, D. (1984). Career and Life Development. San Francisco, CA: Jossey?Bass.
Super, D. E. (1953). A Theory of Vocational Development. American Psychologist, 30, 88–92.
Super, D. E. (1957). The Psychology of Careers. New York: Harper & Row.
Wong, C. J., & Silverman, K. (2007). Establishing and maintaining job skills and professional behaviors in chronically unemployed drug abusers. Substance Use & Misuse, 1127-1140.
Zunker, V. G. (1986). Career Counseling: Applied Concepts of Life Planning (2nd ed.). California: Wadsworth, Inc.
In-Text Citation: (Shafie et al., 2019)
To Cite this Article: Shafie, A. A. H. Bin, Wahab, H. B. A., Rahimi, M. K. A. Bin, Sukor, N. B., Mohd, S. N. B. M. Y., Yasin, N. B. M., & Miskam, N. A. B. A. (2019). The Effectiveness of Nada’s Career Counseling Model towards Career Maturity and Self-Concept of Former Drug Addicts: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(6), 229–246.
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
