The knowledge-based economy imposes new competitive challenges on companies and all institutions that contribute to the growth and development of a country. In this new scenario it becomes essential to establish relationships between different institutions, such as companies, universities and research centers to develop innovation in synergy. Innovation is the result of the research that is carried out, above all in the fragmented Italian business landscape, essentially by universities and public research centers. Precisely for this reason it is necessary to have a dialogue between the academic world and the business world in order to activate the technology transfer, essential to make the knowledge functional to the economic exploitation. The policies of support to innovation, engine of growth and development, foresee the activation of many tools that have taken the shape of technology transfer offices, business incubators and university spin-offs. Statistical surveys conducted at the Italian university system level show encouraging and positive data on the development of these tools.
- Balconi, M., & Passannanti, A. (2006). I parchi scientifici e tecnologici nel Nord Italia. Milan: Franco Angeli.
- Balderi, C., Daniele, C., & Piccalunga, A. (2012). Gli uffici di trasferimento tecnologico delle università italiane: numeri man on solo numeri’. Economia e Politica Industriale, 39(4), 265-298.
- Barbieri, E., Rubini, L. & Micozzi, A. (2014). Evaluating policies for innovation and university-firm relations. An investigation on the attitude of Italian academic entrepreneurs towards collaborations with firms. Journal of Applied Economics, 32(2), 17-45.
- Bax, A., Corrieri, S., Daniele, C., Guarnieri, L., Parente, R., Piccalunga, A., Ramaciotti, L. & Tiezzi, R. (2014). Unire i punti per completare il disegno dell’innovazione . Undicesimo rapporto Netval,. Lucca: Maria Pacini Fazzi.
- Bok, D. (2003). Universities in the marketplace. The commercialization of higher education. Princeton: Princenton University Press.
- Bottinelli, L. & Pavione, E. (2011).Distretti industriali e cluster tecnologici. Strategie emergenti di valorizzazione della ricerca e dell’innovazione. Milan: Giuffrè.
- Bruneel, J., D’Este, P. & Salter, A. (2010). Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration, Research Policy 39(7), 858-868.
- Bruneel, J., Bart, C., Ratinho, T. & Groen, A.J. (2012). The evolution of business incubators: comparing demand and supply of business incubation services across different incubator generations, Technovation ,32(2), 110-121.
- Checcacci, C., Costone, M., Finocchietti, C. & Foroni, M. (2012). Federalismo Universitario. Le relazioni tra Regioni, Università. Esperienze in Italia, Germani e Spagna. Rome: Apes.
- Cicchetti, A., Leone, F.E. & Mascia, D. (2007). Ricerca scientifica e trasferimento tecnologico. Milan: Franco Angeli.
- Clar, B.R. (1998). Creating Entrepreneurial Universities. Organizational pathways of transformation.New York,: Pergamon Press.
- Colombo, M.G., Piva, E. & Rentocchini, F. (2012). The effects of incubation on academic and nonacademic higher-tech start-ups: evidence from Italy . Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 21(5-6), 505-527.
- Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2000). Universities and the global knowledge economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relation. London: Pinter.
- EtzKowitz, H. (2004). Anatomy of the entrepreneurial university. Social Science Information, 52(3), 486-511.
- Foray, D. (2004). Economics of Knowledge. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Fryges, H. & Wright, M. (2014). The origin of spin-offs: a typology of corporate and academic spin-offs. Small Business Economics, 43(2), 245-259.
- Gans, J.S., Murray, F.E. & Stern, S. (2013). Contracting over the disclosure of scientific knowledge: intellectual property and academic publication , NBER wp 19560
- Geuna, A. & Muscio, A. (2009). The governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature. Minerva, 47(1), 93-114.
- Guerrero, M., & Urbano, D. (2012). The development of entrepreneurial university. Journal of Technology Transfer, 37(1), 43-74.
- Magni, A. & Noè, C. (2019). Innovazione e sostenibilità nell’industria tessile. Milan: Guerini e Associati.
- Piccalunga, A. & Rosato. A. (2006). I nuovi marketing. Milan: Franco Angeli.
- Piccalunga, A., (2013). Le imprese spin-off della ricerca in Italia: che fare dopo le prime mille?. Sinergie CUEIM Università degli studi Federico II, workshop Technology Venturing: www.sinergiejounal.it
- Rolfo, S. & Finardi, U. (2014). University Third mission in Italy: organization, faculty attitude and academic specialization. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(3), 472-486.
- Mian, S.A., (2011). University’s involvement in technology business incubation: what theory and practice tell us. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 13(2), 113-121.
- Scillitoe, J.L. & Chakrabart, A.K. (2010). The role of incubator interactions in assisting new ventures
In-Text Citation: (Laino, 2019)
To Cite this Article: Laino, A. (2019). Technological Transfer in Italy: From University to the Industry: Brief Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 157–168.
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
