Implementing teaching and learning, to raising the dimension of thinking skills, team skills and moral reasoning among students, is still a major challenge to secondary school teachers. Pedagogy and classroom teaching strategies is important to stimulate students to think critically and pro-active in addressing a moral and social conflict. Furthermore, producing Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable, creative, competent and possess high moral standards is a aspirations of Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013-2025. Conventional classroom teaching seems difficult to attract secondary school students to engage physically and mentally in moral learning process. In this regard, the use of critical pedagogy through Forum Theatre as an innovative strategies in teaching and learning of Moral Education is a current demands. Therefore, this article discusses the use and justification of critical pedagogy through Forum Theatre as 21st century pedagogy in teaching and learning of Moral Education in secondary school. The findings show that Forum Theatre technique that support philosophy and critical pedagogical features can play a role as active and interactive learning to develop students' thinking skills such as problem solving skills and team skills.
Malik, A.S. (2012, May 27). Teaching is a performing art: Enliven the lesson at all its stages. New Sunday Times, p. 25.
Ashley, D., & Orenstein, D.M. (2001). Sociological theory: Classical statement (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Babbage, F. (2004). Augusto Boal. New York, NY: Routledge.
Barone, T. (2004). Moral dimension of teacher-student interactions in Malaysian secondary schools. Journal of Moral Education, 33(2), 179-196.
Bigger, S., & Brown, E. (Ed.). (1999). Spiritual, moral, social and cultural education: Exploring values in the curriculum. London: David Fulton Publishers.
Boal, A. (2006). The aesthetics of the oppressed. Oxford: Routledge.
Boal, A. (2008). Theatre of the oppressed (new edition). London, UK: Pluto Press.
Boeije, H. (2010). Analysis in qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods. New York, NY: Pearson.
Boggs, J. G., Mickel, A. E., & Holtom, B. C. (2007). Experiential learning through interactive drama: An alternative to student role-plays. Journal of Management Education, 31(6), 832-858.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Chang, L. H. (June, 2007). Moral reasoning of Malaysian adolescents. Paper presented at the International Conference on Learning, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Chickering, A., & Gamson, Z. (1987). Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Wingspread Journal. Winona, MN: Winona State University.
Cohen, J., & Geier, V. (2010). School climate research summary. School Climate Brief, 1. New York, NY: National School Climate Centre. Retrieved from www.schoolclimate.org/climate/research.php
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd Ed.).Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluation quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pearson.
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-Visual methods in teaching (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Day, L. (2002). Putting yourself in other people’s shoes: The use of forum theatre to explore refugee and homeless issues in schools. Journal of Moral Education, 31(1), 21-34.
Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Great Britain: Penguin Books.
Gourd, K. M., & Gourd, T. Y. (2011). Enacting democracy: Using Forum Theatre to confront bullying. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44(3), 403-419.
Hess, D. E. (2009). Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of discussion. New York, NY: Routledge.
Joorabchi, T. N., Md. Salleh Hj. Hassan., & Mohd. Nizam Osman. (2013). Relationship between internet usage and positive youth development in Malaysia. Search: The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communication and the Humanities, 5(2), 37-64.
Kincheloe, J. (2008). Knowledge and critical pedagogy: An introduction. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Springer.
Kumpulainan, K. , & Toom, A. (eds). (2009). ETEN 18:Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Teacher Education Network. Helsinki, Finland: Department of Applied Sciences of Education and Cicero Learning, University of Helsinki.
Retrieved from http://www.etenonline.org/img/publications/ETEN_Proceedings_18.pdf
Liau, A. K., Liau, A. W. L., Teoh, G. B. S., & Liau, M. T. L. (2003). The case for emotional literacy: The influence of emotional intelligence on problem behaviours in Malaysian secondary school students. Journal of Moral Education, 32(1), 51-66.
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of Education, 25(1), 93-100.
Lim, C. H. (2007). Penyelidikan pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill.
Malaysia Ministry of Education (MOE). (2000). Moral Education Syllabus for
In-Text Citation: (Thambu, 2018)
To Cite this Article: Thambu, N. (2018). Empowering Critical Pedagogy through Forum Theatre in Teaching and Learning of Moral Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), 1713–1732.
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode