The instructional leadership of a principal has a positive effect on teacher readiness for change. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between three dimensions of principal instructional leadership and teacher readiness for change in implementing School-Based Assessment (SBA) among secondary school teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. A quantitative correlational design was used to collect the data using an adapted questionnaire to measure principal instructional leadership and teacher readiness for change. Data was obtained from 402 secondary teachers in Selangor, who were selected through stratified random sampling. Data was analysed using SPSS in the form of mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings show that the level of instructional leadership of the principal as a whole is high with a mean of 3.68 and standard deviation 0.57. The overall level of readiness for change among the teachers is high with a mean of 3.72 and standard deviation of 0.51. Tests to determine the correlation between the dimensions of the mission of school (r = 0.321, p <0.05) and creating school learning climate (r = 0.371, p <0.05) with readiness for change among the teachers show a significant positive but low correlation. Meanwhile, the relationship between managing the teaching program (r = 0.470, p <0.05) with readiness for change among the teachers shows a significant positive but moderate correlation. Overall, the effect of principal instructional leadership on readiness for change shows that instructional leadership has a positive and significant correlation with the readiness for change. This study provides the basis for teacher readiness to face changes and strengthening the educational administration field in enhancing instructional leadership in schools.
Aarons, G. A., Sommerfeld, D. H., & Willging, C. E. (2011). The soft underbelly of system change: The role of leadership and organizational climate in turnover during statewide behavioral health reform. American Psychological Association, 8(4), 269–281.
Ang, J.E., & Ramiah, B. (2013). Kepimpinan Instruksional: Satu Panduan Praktikal. Selangor: PTS Akademia.
Armenakis, A. A., & Bedeian, A. G. (1999). Organizational Change: A Review of Theory and Research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25(3), 293–315.
Armenakis, A. A., & Harris, S. G. (2002). Crafting a change message to create transformational readiness. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 15(2), 169–183.
Armenakis, A. A., & Harris, S. G. (2009). Reflections?: our Journey in Organizational Change Research and Practice. Journal of Change Management, 9(2), 127–142.
Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating Readiness for Organizational Change. Human Relations, 46(6), 681–703.
Berkovich, I. (2011). No we won’t! Teachers' resistance to educational reform. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(5), 563–578.
Boga, I., & Ensari, N. (2009). The Role of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Change on Perceived Organizational Success. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 12, 235–251.
Carrier, L. (2011). What Is Instructional Leadership And What Does It Look Like In Practice?? A Multi-Case Case Study Of Elementary School Principals Who Have Led Schools From Being Identified As Under Performing To Performing. University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Chen, W. (2013). School Leadership in ICT Implementation: Perspectives from Singapore. Asia-Pacific Edu Res, 22(3), 301–311. doi: 10.1007/s40299-012-0055-8
Cochran, W. G. (1977), Sampling Techniques, Third Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Choi, M. (2011). Employees’ Attitudes Toward Organizational Change: A Literature Review. Human Resource Management, 50(4), 479–500.
Foster, R. D. (2010). Resistance, Justice, and Commitment to Change. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 21(1), 1–39.
Finnigan, K.S. (2010). Principal leadership and teacher motivation under high-stakes accountability policies. Leadership & Policy in Schools, 9 (2), 161-89.
Fullan, M. (2001). The new meaning of educational change. 3rd Ed. New York: Teachers College Press.
Gilley, A., Gilley, J. W., & Mcmillan, H. S. (2009). Organizational Change: Motivation, Communication, and Leadership Effectiveness. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21(4), 75–94.
Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading Educational Change: reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329–352.
Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the Principal’s Contribution to School Effectiveness: 1980-1995. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157–191.
Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the Instructional Management Behavior of Principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217–247.
Hammond, G. D., Gresch, E. B., & Vitale, D. C. (2011). Homegrown process improvement employing a change message model. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24(4), 487–510.
Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris, S. G. (2007). Readiness for Organizational Change: The Systematic Development of a Scale. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(2), 232–255.
Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Feild, H. S. (2007). Toward a Comprehensive Definition of Readiness for Change: A Review of Research and Instrumentation. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 16, 289–336.
Holt, D. T., & Vardaman, J. M. (2013). Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Readiness for Change?: The Case for an Expanded Conceptualization. Journal of Change Management, 13(1), 9–18.
Hoy, W. & Miskel, C. (2008). Educational administration: Theory, research and practice. (8th Ed.). New York. NY: McGraw Hill.
Jainabee, M. K., & Jamelaa, B. A.
In-Text Citation: (Aziz, Asimiran, Fooi, & Hassan, 2018)
To Cite this Article: Aziz, N. A. A., Asimiran, S., Fooi, F. S., & Hassan, A. (2018). Principal Instructional Leadership and Teacher Readiness for Change to Implement School Based Assessment in Secondary Schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 221–230.
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
