Refugees are considered one of the vulnerable groups of society. Generally, they face discrimination, isolation, marginalization, and rejection from residents and authorities of the host country. This paper is an attempt to understand lived experiences of Afghan refugee scavengers in reference to their relationship with authorities in Pakistan. The goal to explore the experiences of these refugee scavengers and explain it as it was experienced by them, was achieved through utilizing phenomenology research approach. The accounts of participants’ experiences were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews by involving thirty-one full-time adult Afghan scavengers with at least five years’ work experience. The collected data revealed that Afghan refugees are subject to constant discrimination, harassment, extortion, and detention at the hand of police. Daily investigations and bribe demands were found to be an essential feature of their everyday life. The scavengers also reported being living in fear of being arrested and detained. The findings suggest the need for refugee-friendly policies.
Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. (2005). Afghans in Peshawar: Migration, settlements and social networks.
Ashrafi, A. & Moghissi, H. (2002). Afghans in Iran: Asylum Fatigue Overshadows Islamic Brotherhood. Global Dialogue, 4(4), 89–99.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. 3rd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Grare, F., & Maley, W. (2011). The Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. Middle East Institute-Fondation Pour La Recherche Stratégique.
Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Introduction. Sage Publications.
Groenewald, T. (2004). A Phenomenological Research Design Illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 1–26.
Hayami, Y., Dikshit, A. K. & Mishra, S. N. (2006). Waste Pickers and Collectors in Delhi: Poverty and Environment in an Urban Informal Sector. The Journal of Development Studies,42 (1), 41–69.
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan .2009. Afghan Refugees in Pakistan: Push Comes to Shove. Retrieved from http://www.operationspaix.net/DATA/DOCUMENT/4816~v~Afghan_Refugees_in_Pakistan___Push_Comes_to_Shove.pdf
Kaite, C. P., Karanikola, M. N., Vouzavali, F. J., Koutroubas, A. & Merkouris, A., Papathanassoglou, E. D. (2016). The Experience of Greek-Cypriot Individuals Living with Mental Illness: Preliminary Results of A Phenomenological Study. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1).
Khan, A. (2017). Protracted Afghan Refugee Situation: Policy Options for Pakistan. Retrieved from http://issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/3-Amina_SS_Vol_37_No.1_2017.pdf.
Marchand, k., Siegel, M., Kuschminder, K., Majidi, N., Vanore, M., & Buil, C. 2014. Afghanistan Migration Profile. Retrieved from https://afghanistan.iom.int/sites/default/files/Reports/afghanistan_migration_profile.pdf
Masood, M. & Barlow, C. Y. (2013). Framework for Integration of Informal Waste Management Sector with The Formal Sector in Pakistan. Waste Management & Research, 31(10), 93–105.
Medina, M. (2005). Waste Picker Cooperatives in Developing Countries. In WIEGO/Cornell/SEWA conference on membership-based organizations of the poor (pp. 1–36). Ahmedabad, India.
Schenck, R & Blaauw, F. P. (2011). The Work and Lives of Street Waste Pickers in Pretoria — A Case Study of Recycling in South Africa ’S Urban Informal Economy. Urban Forum, 22, 41–430.
Shehzad, J. (2014). Child Victimization: Case Study of Child Scavengers in Twin Cities of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 6(2), 33–42.
Sustainable Development Policy Institute. (2004). Rapid Assessment of Scavengers (Rag-Pickers) Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar And Islamabad Pakistan. Time-bound programme preparatory phase worst forms of child labour.
Tabassum, H. (2014). The Fate of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan.
Thomas, D. R. (2017). Feedback from Research Participants: Are Member Checks Useful in Qualitative Research? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(1), 23–41.
Wagner, C., Kawulich, B & Garner, M. (2012). Doing Social Research: A Global Context. New York, London: McGraw Hill Higher Education.
Van Manen, M. (1984). Practising Phenomenological Writing. Phenomenology and Pedagogy, 2(1), 36–69.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching Lived Experiences: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.
In-Text Citation: (Malik, Lyndon, Vivien, Selvadurai & Rahim (2018)
To Cite this Article: Malik, B., Lyndon, N., & Vivien, Y. W. C., Selvadurai, S. & Rahim, M.H.A. (2018). Accounts of Discrimination: A Phenomenological Study of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(13) Special Issue: Community Development & Social Mobility, 113–121.
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode