The study is conducted to determine the significant relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Supervisor’s Support, and Employee Career Satisfaction. The data have collected from the employees of ten major pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan. Pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan is growing day by day even in law and order situation and energy crisis in country. But high turnover is also reported. This study is conducted to check employee career satisfaction within company and industry. The instrument to measure the variables was adopted from different relevant studies and data was collected from 155 respondents. The SPSS was run on the collected data and analyzed the results. The current study finds a positive correlation between job satisfaction and employee career satisfaction; organizational commitment and employee career satisfaction; and supervisor’s support and employee career satisfaction. The main reason to conduct research on the proposed construct is to fulfill the gap and to provide theoretical as well as empirical evidences for researchers, practitioners, and marketers (specially belonging to pharmaceutical organizations). In the real practice, this research is helpful to companies as well as employees of the pharmaceutical industries to understand the behavior of their attitudes towards their profession and the field.
Adams, J. S. (1965), Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental psychology, 2, pp. 267-299. New York: Academic Press.
Adeyemo, D.A. (2000), “Job involvement, career commitment, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the Nigerian police: A multiple regression analysis”, Journal of Advance Studies in Educational Management, 5(6), 35-41.
Ajzen, I. (1988), Attitudes, personality, and behaviour. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
Allen T.D., Eby L.T., Poteet M.L., Lentz E, and Lima L. (2004), “Career benefits associated with mentoring for protégés: A meta-analysis”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 127-136.
Aryeel, S. 1993. “Dual-earner Couples in Singapore: An Examination of Work and Nonwork Sources of their Experienced Burnout.” Human Relations, 46 (12), 1441-1468.
August, L., and J. Waltman. 2004. “Culture, Climate and Contribution: Career Satisfaction among Female Faculty.” Research in Higher Education, 45 (2), 177-192.
Auster, E. R., and K. L. Ekstein. 2001. “Professional Women’s Midcareer Satisfaction: Toward an Explanatory Framework.” Sex Roles, 44 (11-12), 719-750.
Avery, M, (1998), The Impact of Teachers’ Demographic Characteristics on the Level of Job Satisfaction in Secondary Schools in Rivers State: A Case Study of Teachers in Rivers State Secondary Schools. M.Ed. Desertation (Unpublished) Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Adeyinka, T.C.A. (2007), Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Organisational Commitment of Library Personnel in Academic and Research Libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice.
Anis. (2011). Impact of organizational commitment on job satisfaction and employee retention in pharmaceutical. African Journal of Business Management.
Ashkanasy, Y.L. (2010), “A multilevel model of affect and organizational commitment”. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27, 193-213.
Belinda, R.B. (2007), “The impact of organizational support for career development on career satisfaction”, Career Development International, 12(7), 617-636.
Buzdar, M. F., S. Y. Janjua, and M. A. Khurshid. 2016. “Customer-Based Brand Equity and Firms’ Performance in the Telecom Industry.” International Journal of Services and Operations Management 25(3).
Bittel, R. and Ramsey, J. E. (1983), “Hourly Supervisory Development: Where the Rubber meets the Road”, Training and Development Journal, 37(3), pp.12-20.
Blau, G. and Boal, K. (1989), “Using job involvement and organizational commitment interactively to predict turnover”, Journal of Management, 15, pp. 115-127.
Blau, P. M. (1964), Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Brown, T. R. (1972). A comparison of judgmental policy equations obtained from human judges under natural and contrived conditions. Mathematical Biosciences, 15, 205—230.
Blum, M. and Naylor. J. (1986), Industrial Psychology: Its Theoretical and Social Foundation. New York: Harper and Row.
Brief, A. P. (1998), Attitudes in and around organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Carr, S. (2001), “As distance comes of age, the challenge is keeping the students”, Chronicle of higher education.
Cunningham, G. B., and M. Sagas. 2007. “Examining Potential Differences between Men and Women in the Impact of Treatment Discrimination.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37 (12), 3010-3024.
DeCotiis, T. And Summers, T. (1987), “A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment”, Human Relations, 40(7), pp. 445-70.
Durham, C.C., Knight, D., and Locke, E.A. (1997), “Effects of leader role, team-set goal difficulty, efficacy, and tactics on team effectiveness”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72, pp. 203-231.
Edwards, J. E. (1997), How to conduct organizational surveys. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gannon, M., Nothern, J., and Carroll, S. (1971), “Characteristics of nonrespondents among workers”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, pp. 586-588.
Goyder, J. (1986), “Surveys on surveys: Limitations and potentials”, Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, pp. 27-41.
Greenhouse, J. H., S. Parasuraman and W. M. Wormley. 1990. “Effects of Race on Organizational Experiences, Job Performance Evaluations and Career Outcomes.” Academy of Management Journal, 33 (1), 64-86.
Hallock, D.E., Salazar, R.J. and Vennemanw, S. (2004), “Demographic and attitudinal correlates of employee satisfaction with an ESOP”, British Journal of Management, 15, pp. 321-333.
Herzberg, F. (1964), “The Motivation-Hygiene Concept and Problems of Manpower”, Personnel Administrator (27), pp. 3–7.
Hespanhol, A., Pereira, A.C. and Pinto, A.S. (1999), “Job satisfaction in Portuguese physicians in general medicine”, AtenPrimaria, 24, pp. 456-61.
Hochwarter, W. A., C. Kiewitz, M. J. Gundlach and J. Stoner. 2004. “The Impact of Vocational and Social Efficacy on Job Performance and Career Satisfaction.” Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 10 (4), 27-40
Ilies, R. and Judg, T.A. (2003), “On the heritability of job satisfaction: the mediating role of personality”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), pp. 750-9.
Ironson, G. H., Smith, P. C., Brannick, M. T., Gibson, W. M., and Paul, K. B. (1989), “Construction of a Job in General Scale: A comparison of global, composite, and specific measures”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, pp. 193-200.
Irving, P.G., Coleman, D.F., and Cooper, C.L. (1997), “Further assessment of a three-component model of occupational commitment: Generalizability and differences across occupations”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, pp. 444-452.
Irving, G.P. and Meyer, J.P. (1994), “Reexamination of the met-expectations hypothesis: A longitudinal analysis”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, pp. 937–949.
Kamal R, Sengupta D (2008-09). A Study of Job Satisfaction of Bank Officers. Pune: NIBM
Karen, A.J., Gregory, B.N., and Margaret A.N. (1999), Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4). pp. 741-763.
Keenan, T. and Newton, T.J. (1986), “Work aspirations and experiences of young graduate engineers”, Journal of Management Studies, 23, pp. 224-37.
Khan, A. S. (2011), “Investigating the demographic impacts on the job satisfaction of district officers in the province of kpk, Pakistan”, International Research Journal of Management and Business Studies.
Lambert, E.G., Hogana, N.L. and Bartona, S.M. (2001), “The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers”, The Social Science Journal, Vol. 38 No. 2, pp. 233-50.
Latif, K.I. (2013), “Perceived Organizational Support, Pay Satisfaction, and Supervisor Satisfaction Impact on Career Satisfaction”, Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 1109-1123.
Lawler, E.E. (1971), Pay and organizational effectiveness: A psychological viewpoint. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lawler, E.E. (1981), Pay and organizational development. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Likert, R.L. (1967), New Patterns of Management, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
Louis Tze-Ngai Vong, Henrique Fátima Boyol Ngan, Patrick Chun-Pong Lo, (2018) "Does organizational climate moderate the relationship between job stress and intent to stay?: Evidence from Macau SAR, China", Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management.
Lowe, K.B., Kroeck, K.G. and Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996), “Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic review”, The Leadership Quarterly, 7, pp. 385-425.
Martins, L. L., K. A. Eddleston and J. F. Veiga. 2002. “Moderators of the Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Career Satisfaction.” Academy of Management Journal, 45 (2), 399-409.
Maya Tannoury, B. Z. (2017). The In?uence of Emerging Markets on the Pharmaceutical Industry. Current Therapeutic Research , 19-22.
Meganck, A. D. (2007), “What HR managers do versus what employees value”, HR and Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 45-60.
Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1991), “A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment”, Human Resource Management Review, 1, pp. 61-98.
Meyer, J. P., and Allen, N.J. (1997), Commitment in the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Copyright O 1997 by Sage Publications, Inc.
Meyer, J.P., Allen, N.J. and Smith, C.A. (1993), “Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp. 538-51.
Millward, L.J. and Hopkins, L.J. (1998), “Psychological contracts, organizational and job commitment”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, pp. 1530-1556.
Misener, T.R., Haddock, K.S., Gleaton, J.U. and Ajamieh, A.R. (1996), “Toward an international measure of job satisfaction”, Nursing Research, 45, pp. 87-91.
Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., & Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978), “An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, pp. 237-240.
Moore, W.L. and Holbrook, M.B. (1990), “Conjoint analysis on objects with environmentally correlated attributes: The questionable importance of representative design”, Journal of Consumer Research, 16, pp. 490-497.
Organ, D. W. and Konovsky, M. (1989), “Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behaviour”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, pp. 157-164.
Peters, L. H., Bhagat, R. S., and O’Connor,E, J. (1981), “An Examination of the independent and a contributions of organizational commitment and job commitment on employee intentions to quit”, Group and Organization Studies, 6, pp. 73-82.
Reitz, J. G. 2001. “Immigrant Skill Utilization in the Canadian Labour Market: Implications of Human Capital Research.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2 (3), 347-378. Reitz, J. G. 2007. “Immigrant Employment Success in Canada, Part II: Understanding the Decline.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, 8 (1), 37-62.
Richardsen, A. M., A. Mikkelsen and R. J. Burke. 1997. “Work Experiences and Career and Job Satisfaction among Professional and Managerial Women in Norway.” Scandinavian Journal of Management, 13 (2), 209-218.
Sajjad, Zekeriya (2013,March). Arising employees’ retention due to organizational commitment & support in pharmaceutical industry. Elixir International Journal, pp-13407-12
Sinan, C. P. (2010), “Key organizational commitment antecedents for nurses,paramedical professionals and non-clinical staff”, Journal of Health Organization and Management, 25(1), 7-33.
Smith, W. G. (2011), “Manager support predicts turnover of professionals in India”, Career Development International, 16(3), 293-312.
Skansi, D. (2000), “Relation of managerial efficiency and leadership styles – empirical study in Hrvatskaelektroprivreda”, Management, 52, pp. 51-67.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., and Near, J. P. (1983), “Organizational citizenship behaviour: Its nature and antecedents”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, pp. 653-663.
Smith, P., Kendall, D., and Hulin, C. (1969), The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Sosdian, C. P. and Sharp, L. M. (1980), “Nonresponse in mail surveys: Access failure or respondent resistance”, Public Opinion Quarterly, 44, pp. 396-402.
Spector, P.E. (1997), Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Qadir, A. and Farooq, M. (2018). “Impact of Evaluation Apprehension on Knowledge Sharing Intention through Attitude and Perceived Behavioural Control.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 8(6):795–811.
Spector, P.E. (2006), “Method variance in organizational research: truth or urban legend?”, Organizational Research Methods, 9, pp. 221-32.
Stewart, D.M. (1994), Handbook of Management Skills, 2nd ed., Gower Publishing Co., Aldershot. Stordeur, S., Vandenberghe, C. and D’hoore, W. (2000), “Leadership styles across hierarchical levels in nursing departments”, Nursing Research, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 37-43.
Thyer, G. (2003), “Dare to be different: transformational leadership may hold the key to reducing the nursing shortage”, Journal of Nursing Management, 11, pp. 73-9.
Vathsala, W. (2010), “Impact of career plateau and supervisory support on career satisfaction. A study in offshore outsourced IT firms in Sri Lanka”, Career Development International, 15(6), 544-561.
Vroom, V. H. (1967), Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.
Wang, J., Tsai, K., Lei, L., Chio, I., & Lai, S. (2016). Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Gambling Industry in Macau. Business and Management Studies, 2(1), 104-110. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v2i1.1280
Xie, D. (2005), “Exploring organizational learning culture, job satisfaction, motivation to learn, organizational commitment, and internal service quality in a sport organization”, available at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/Xie%20Di.pdf?acc_num¼osu1124138607 (accessed 23 September 2009).
Naseer, M., Haq, A. ul, & Farooq, M. (2018). Antecedent of Employees’ Career Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation of Pharmaceutical Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(259-276).
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
