International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Moderating the Service Quality-Customer Loyalty Relation through Customer Satisfaction, Gender and Banking Status: Evidence from Mobile Money Users in University Of Cape Coast, Ghana

Open access

Kwamena Minta Nyarku, Lawrence Yaw Kusi, Henry Ameyaw Domfeh, Henry Ofori, Isaac Koomson, Joseph Amponsah Owusu

Pages 636-662 Received: 30 May, 2018 Revised: 03 Jun, 2018 Published Online: 08 Jul, 2018

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4265
The study was conducted to assess the impact of service quality on customer loyalty for mobile money services among university students when the effect of customer satisfaction, gender and banking status are statistically controlled for. The study targeted first degree students who were offering different programs in University of Cape Coast, Ghana. A total of 18498 students were targeted. Through the explanatory research design, structured questionnaires were personally administered to 377 participants who provided the primary data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the primary data analysis. Internal consistency of 0.759 was obtained for the instrument. Multiple regression, correlation and moderation analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses in the study. It was discovered that service quality predicted a significant positive variance in customer loyalty. Again, foreign remittance, ease of mobile money registration, interest on savings and airtime purchases made a significant contribution to the 17% variance in customer loyalty. The study proved that, gender and customer satisfaction, significantly moderated the predictive relation between service quality and customer loyalty whilst banking status did not. Security threats, high service charges, low interest on savings, and network failure were major challenges associated with mobile money services.
Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California management review, 38(3), 102.
Adrian, M. (2011). It’s going mainstream, and it’s your next opportunity. Teradata Magazine, 1-5.
Aker, J. C., & Mbiti, I. M. (2010). Mobile phones and economic development in Africa. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(3), 207-32.
Akerlof, G. A., & Dickens, W. T. (1982). The economic consequences of cognitive dissonance. The American economic review, 72(3), 307-319.
Ali, A. Y. S., & Dhaha, I. S. Y. (2013). Factor influencing mobile money transfer adoption among Somali students. Int J Business Econ Law, 3, 1-9.
Alnaser, F. M., Ghani, M. A., Rahi, S., Mansour, M., & Abed, H. 1. Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia 2. Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine 3. Human Resource Manager, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Aron, J., Meullbauer, J., & Sebudde, R. K. (2015). Inflation forecasting models for Uganda: is mobile money relevant?. Centre for Economic Policy Research.
Audrain-Pontevia, A. F., & Vanhuele, M. (2016). Where do customer loyalties really lie, and why? Gender differences in store loyalty. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44(8), 799-813.
Babakus, E., & Yavas, U. (2008). Does customer sex influence the relationship between perceived quality and share of wallet?. Journal of Business Research, 61(9), 974-981.
Baganzi, R., & Lau, A. K. (2017). Examining Trust and Risk in Mobile Money Acceptance in Uganda. Sustainability, 9(12), 2233.
Balasubramanian, K., & Drake, D. F. (2015). Mobile money: The effect of service quality and competition on demand.
Bank of Ghana Act, 2002.
Barshan, G., Elahi, A., & Aghaei, N. (2017). Impact of Service Quality on Satisfaction, Loyalty and Intention to Revisit of Sport Customers: The Case Study of Swimming Pools in Alborz Province. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(2), 334-339.
Bawa, A., & Kansal, P. (2008). Cognitive dissonance and the marketing of services: some issues. Journal of Services Research, 8(2), 31.
Beck, T., & Cull, R. (2013). Banking in Africa.
Bharwana, T. K., Bashir, M., & Mohsin, M. (2013). Impact of service quality on customers’ satisfaction: A study from service sector especially private colleges of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(5), 1-7.
Bhattacherjee, A., & Premkumar, G. (2004). Understanding changes in belief and attitude toward information technology usage: A theoretical model and longitudinal test. MIS quarterly, 229-254.
Bowen, J. T., & Chen, S. L. (2001). The relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 13(5), 213-217.
Cengiz, E. (2010). Measuring customer satisfaction: Must or Not?. Deniz Bilimleri ve Mühendisli?i Dergisi, 6(2).
Chaffey, D. (2008). Customer loyalty. D. Chaffey, Internet Marketing. Retrieved Nov, 8, 2012.
Chogo, P. J., & Sedoyeka, E. (2014). Exploring Factors Affecting Mobile Money Adoption in Tanzania. International Journal of Computing & ICT Research, 8(2).
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 2nd edn.
Comninos, A., Esselaar, S., Ndiwalana, A., & Stork, C. (2009). Airtime to cash: unlocking the potential of Africa's mobile phones for banking the unbanked.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. Sage Publications.
Cronin Jr, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: a reexamination and extension. The journal of marketing, 55-68.
Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A., & Moffett, M. H. (2002). International business. Harcourt College Publishers.
Dzokoto, V. A., & Appiah, E. (2014). Making sense of mobile money in urban Ghana: Personal, business, social and financial inclusion prospects. Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion (IMTFI). University of California, Irvine.
Elkhani, N., & Bakri, A. (2012). Review on “expectancy disconfirmation theory”(EDT) Model in B2C E-Commerce. Journal of information systems research and innovation, 2(12), 95-102.
Felix, R. (2017). Service quality and customer satisfaction in selected banks in Rwanda. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs, 6(1), 246-256.
Festinger, L. (1957). Cognitive dissonance theory. 1989) Primary Prevention of HIV/AIDS: Psychological Approaches. Newbury Park, California, Sage Publications.
Ganiyu, R. A. (2016). Perceptions of Service Quality: An Empirical Assessment of Modified SERVQUAL Model among Domestic Airline Carriers in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business, 4(1), 5-31.
Gbenga, O., & Osotimehin, K. (2015). Determinants of Repeat Buy in the Hospitality Industry: Evidence from Hotel Business in Lagos State. American Journal of Marketing Research, 1(2), 20-27.
Ghana Banking Industry Report, 2016.
Ghana Banking Survey Report, 2016.
Graff, J., Sophonthummapharn, K., & Parida, V. (2012). Post-purchase cognitive dissonance–evidence from the mobile phone market. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 7(1), 32-46.
Group Special Mobile Association Report, 2015.
Gwahula, R. (2016). Risks and barriers associated with mobile money transactions in Tanzania.
Hapsari, R., Clemes, M., & Dean, D. (2016). The mediating role of perceived value on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction: Evidence from indonesian airline passengers. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 388-395.
Harmon-Jones, E., & Harmon-Jones, C. (2007). Cognitive dissonance theory after 50 years of development. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 38(1), 7-16.
Hayes, B. E. (1998). Measuring customer satisfaction: Survey design, use, and statistical analysis methods. ASQ Quality Press.
Helgesen, Ø., & Nesset, E. (2010). Gender, store satisfaction and antecedents: a case study of a grocery store. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(2), 114-126.
Herzberg, A. (2003). Payments and banking with mobile personal devices. Communications of the ACM, 46(5), 53-58.
Hom, W. (2000). An Overview of Customer Satisfaction Models.
Homburg, C., & Giering, A. (2001). Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty—an empirical analysis. Psychology & Marketing, 18(1), 43-66.
Huang, T. H., Lee, H. T., & Chen, C. M. (2017). Tourist behavioural intentions in relation to service quality and customer satisfaction in Kinmen National Park, Taiwan. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(5), 416-432.
Iacobucci, D., & Ostrom, A. (1993). Gender differences in the impact of core and relational aspects of services on the evaluation of service encounters. Journal of consumer psychology, 2(3), 257-286.
Intelligence, G. S. M. A. (2015). Global Mobile Economy Report 2015.
Jack, W., & Suri, T. (2014). Risk sharing and transactions costs: Evidence from Kenya's mobile money revolution. American Economic Review, 104(1), 183-223.
Jasinskas, E., Streimikiene, D., Svagzdiene, B., & Simanavicius, A. (2016). Impact of hotel service quality on the loyalty of customers. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 29(1), 559-572.
Jenkins, B. (2008). Developing mobile money ecosystems. Washington, DC: International Finance Corporation and Harvard Kennedy School.
Karatepe, O. M. (2011). Service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty: the moderating role of gender. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12(2), 278-300.
Kärnä, S. (2009). Concepts and attributes of customer satisfaction in construction.
Kaura, V., Durga Prasad, C. S., & Sharma, S. (2015). Service quality, service convenience, price and fairness, customer loyalty, and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(4), 404-422.
Kendall, J., Mylenko, N., & Ponce, A. (2010). Measuring financial access around the world.
Kipkirong Tarus, D., & Rabach, N. (2013). Determinants of customer loyalty in Kenya: does corporate image play a moderating role?. The TQM Journal, 25(5), 473-491.
Kiumarsi, S., Isa, S. M., & Jayaraman, K. (2015). Determinants of service quality on service loyalty: the mediating role of customers’ satisfaction and brand equity.
Kiumarsi, S., Jayaraman, K., & Mohd Isa, S. (2015). Service quality and innovation in Malaysian post offices: An empirical study. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 35(1), 55-66.
Kotler, P. K., Koshy, K. L., & Jha, A. M.(2013): Marketing Management A South Asian Perspective. Creating Brand Equity. 14th Edition Pearson pp. 260-289.
Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2010). Principles of marketing. Pearson education.
Ladhari, R., Brun, I., & Morales, M. (2008). Determinants of dining satisfaction and post-dining behavioral intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(4), 563-573.
Lee, H. S. (2013). Major moderators influencing the relationships of service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Asian Social Science, 9(2), 1.
Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. 2010. Practical Research: Planning and Design.
Leninkumar, V. (2017). An investigation on the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty: A mediating role of Customer Satisfaction. Archives of Business Research, 5(5).
Makanyeza, C. (2017). Determinants of consumers’ intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(6), 997-1017.
Makanyeza, C., & Chikazhe, L. (2017). Mediators of the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty: Evidence from the banking sector in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(3), 540-556.
Malhotra, N. Birk s, D.(2007). Marketing research. An applied approach.
Malik, M. E., Ghafoor, M. M., & Hafiz, K. I. (2012). Impact of Brand Image, Service Quality and price on customer satisfaction in Pakistan Telecommunication sector. International journal of business and social science, 3(23).
Mallat, N. (2007). Exploring consumer adoption of mobile payments–A qualitative study. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(4), 413-432.
Mas, I., & Kumar, K. (2008). Banking on mobiles: why, how, for whom?.
Mas, I., & Morawczynski, O. (2009). Designing mobile money services lessons from M-PESA. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 4(2), 77-91.
Mbiti, I., & Weil, D. N. (2011). Mobile banking: The impact of M-Pesa in Kenya (No. w17129). National Bureau of Economic Research.
McGoldrick, P. J., & Andre, E. (1997). Consumer misbehaviour: promiscuity or loyalty in grocery shopping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 4(2), 73-81.
Mittal, V., & Kamakura, W. A. (2001). Satisfaction, repurchase intent, and repurchase behavior: Investigating the moderating effect of customer characteristics. Journal of marketing research, 38(1), 131-142.
Moisescu, O. I., & Gica, O. A. (2013). The Effect Of Demographics And Travel Frequency On The Relationship Between Service Quality And Brand Loyalty In The Case Of Traditional Travel Agencies. JOURNAL STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABES-BOLYAI NEGOTIA.
Mosala, P. R. (2007). Post purchase behaviour (cognitive dissonance) amongst students at a selected higher education institution (Doctoral dissertation).
Mutong’Wa, S. M., Campus, G. E., Khaemba, S. W., & Mengich, E. M. (2014). A comparative study of critical success factors (CSFS) in implementation of mobile money transfer services in kenya. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol, 2(2), 8-31.
Nadeem, M. M. (2007). Post-purchase dissonance: The wisdom of the'repeat'purchases. Journal of Global Business Issues, 1(2), 183.
Nonor, D. (2009). GIPC sets up national task force… to clamp down on illegal business activities. The Chronicle, 17.
Nyame-Mensah, A. (2013). The value of mobile banking: the case of MTN mobile money in Accra, Ghana (Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware).
Nyer, P. U. (2000). An investigation into whether complaining can cause increased consumer satisfaction. Journal of consumer marketing, 17(1), 9-19.
Olsen, R. A. (2008). Cognitive dissonance: The problem facing behavioral finance.
Oly Ndubisi, N. (2006). Effect of gender on customer loyalty: a relationship marketing approach. Marketing intelligence & planning, 24(1), 48-61.
Omar, M. S., Ariffin, H. F., & Ahmad, R. (2015). The relationship between restaurant ambience and customers’ satisfaction in Shah Alam Arabic Restaurants, Selangor. International Journal of Administration and Governance, 1(4), 1-8.
Omar, M. S., Ariffin, H. F., & Ahmad, R. (2016). Service quality, customers’ satisfaction and the moderating effects of gender: A study of Arabic restaurants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 384-392.
O'Neill, M., & Palmer, A. (2004). Cognitive dissonance and the stability of service quality perceptions. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(6), 433-449.
Orozco, M., Jacob, K., & Tescher, J. (2007). Card-based remittances: a closer look at supply and demand. The Center for Financial Services Innovation.
Osei-Assibey, E. (2009). Financial exclusion: what drives supply and demand for basic financial services in Ghana?. Savings and development, 207-238.
Osman, Z., & Sentosa, I. (2013). A study of mediating effect of trust on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysian rural tourism.
Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival guide. Crow's Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Pan, Y., & Zhang, J. Q. (2011). Born unequal: a study of the helpfulness of user-generated product reviews. Journal of Retailing, 87(4), 598-612.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. the Journal of Marketing, 41-50.
Priporas, C. V., Stylos, N., Vedanthachari, L. N., & Santiwatana, P. (2017). Service quality, satisfaction, and customer loyalty in Airbnb accommodation in Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 693-704.
Radojka, K., & Filipovi?, Z. (2017). Gender Differences and Consumer Behavior of Millennials. Acta Economica Et Turistica, 3(1), 5-13.
Rahman, M. A., & Kamarulzaman, Y. (2012). The influence of relationship quality and switching costs on customer loyalty in the Malaysian Hotel industry, Procedia-Social and behavioural sciences.
Rajeswari, S., Srinivasulu, Y., & Thiyagarajan, S. (2017). Relationship among Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: With Special Reference to Wireline Telecom Sector (DSL Service). Global Business Review, 18(4), 1041-1058.
Ramanathan, R., Di, Y., & Ramanathan, U. (2016). Moderating roles of customer characteristics on the link between service factors and satisfaction in a buffet restaurant. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(2), 469-486.
Ranaweera, C., & Neely, A. (2003). Some moderating effects on the service quality-customer retention link. International journal of operations & Production management, 23(2), 230-248.
Sadler?Smith, E., Spicer, D. P., & Tsang, F. (2000). Validity of the Cognitive Style Index: replication and extension. British Journal of Management, 11(2), 175-181.
Saliu, I. (2016). Assessing the impact of mobile money transfer service on the socioeconomic status of the mobile money vendors: Case of Kumasi metropolis (Doctoral dissertation).
Soutar, G. N., & Sweeney, J. C. (2003). Are there cognitive dissonance segments?. Australian Journal of Management, 28(3), 227-249.
SSONKO, G. W. (2011). Status of Mobile Money Services in Uganda: An Exploratory Study (Vol. 11). Bank of Uganda Working Paper, BOUWP/08.
Stan, V. (2015). Does Consumer Gender Influence The Relationship Between Consumer Loyalty And Its Antecedents?. Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(4), 1593.
Sweeney, J. C., Hausknecht, D., & Soutar, G. N. (2000). Cognitive dissonance after purchase: A multidimensional scale. Psychology and Marketing, 17(5), 369-385.
Tan, K. C., & Shen, X. X. (2000). Integrating Kano's model in the planning matrix of quality function deployment. Total quality management, 11(8), 1141-1151.
Tefera, O., & Govender, K. (2017). Service expectations and perceptions of guests at Ethiopian Hotels.
Tefera, O., & Migiro, S. (2017). The relationship between demographic and tripographic factors and customers’ expectation, perception and service quality: A case of star rated hotel guests in Ethiopia.
Tobbin, P. (2010). Modeling adoption of mobile money transfer: A consumer behaviour analysis. In 2nd International Conference on Mobile Communication Technology for Development, Kampala, Uganda.
Uncles, M. D., Dowling, G. R., & Hammond, K. (2003). Customer loyalty and customer loyalty programs. Journal of consumer marketing, 20(4), 294-316.
Upadhyay, P., & Jahanyan, S. (2016). Analyzing user perspective on the factors affecting use intention of mobile based transfer payment. Internet Research, 26(1), 38-56.
Young, I. M. (2011). Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton University Press.
Zadok, G., & Puustinen, R. (2010, February). The Green Switch: Designing for Sustainability in Mobile Computing. In SustainIT.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. the Journal of Marketing, 31-46.
Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2013). Business research methods. Cengage Learning.
Nyarku, K. M., Kusi, L. Y., Domfeh, H. A., Ofori, H., Koomson, I., & Owusu, J. A. (2018). Moderating the Service Quality-Customer Loyalty Relation through Customer Satisfaction, Gender and Banking Status: Evidence from Mobile Money Users in University Of Cape Coast, Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6) 636-662.