This phenomenological study explores the challenges faced by Malaysian early childhood teachers in using English as a second language to interact with young English language learners. The main participants of this study were six teachers from one early childhood centre. Research methods included observations and semi-structured pre- and post-observation interviews. Observations were carried out over a six week period which enabled a series of snapshots of challenges faced by the teachers as they used English to interact with the children. The findings were analysed using thematic analysis, and presented three themes: teachers’ limited English proficiency, children’s comprehension, lack of confidence and unsupportive environment. These themes impacted the learning experiences of the children attending the early childhood education centre as well as the teaching approaches of the early childhood teachers. The findings revealed that it is significant for the early childhood teachers to be proficient in English as this will affect their confidence and attitudes in using English as an interactional tool in early childhood settings.
Bruner, J. (1983). Child’s talk: Learning to use language. Retrieved from http://bookzz.org/ireader/816909
Demarrais, K. (2004). Qualitative interview studies: Learning through experience. In K. deMarrais & S. D. Lapan (Eds.), Foundations of research (pp. 51-68). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gass, S. M. (2013). Second language acquisition: An introductory course (4th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Hakamaki, L. A. (2005). Scaffolded assistance provided by an EFL teacher during whole- class interaction. Finland: Jyvaskylan Yliopisto. Proquest Document Reproductive Service Number 1220043461.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan Pendidikan Prasekolah - Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4wKdnC60r8zRk1KQ21OUVdRTE0/view
Maybin, J., Mercer, N., & Stierer, B. (1992). „Scaffolding? learning in the classroom. In Norman K (Ed), Thinking Voices: The Work of the National Curriculum Project. London: Hodder & Stoughton. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/997989/Scaffolding_Learning_in_the_classroom
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53. doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Sidek, M. H. (2011). ZPD, scaffolding and syntax development. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 1(6), 164-176.
Neu, R. A. (2013). An exploration of oral language development in Spanish-speaking preschool students. Early Childhood Education Journal, 41(3), 211-218.
Norlida, A., Munirah, G., Christina, A., & Yazid, A. (2004). Assessing Malaysian preschool children basic English proficiency. In: 4th International Symposium on ELT (21-25 May 2004) in China, Beijing. Retrieved from
http://eprints.usm.my/134/1/Assessing_Malaysian_Preschool_Children's_Basic_E nglish_Proficiency.pdf
Piker, R. A., & Rex, L. A. (2008). Influences of teacher-child social interactions on English language development in a Head Start classroom. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(2), 187–193.
Rohaty, M. (2013). Critical issues in preschool education in Malaysia. Recent Advances in Educational Technologies, 150–155. Retrieved from http://www.wseas.us/e-
library/conferences/2013/CambridgeUSA/EET/EET-26.pdf
Shamsipour, A. & Allami, H. (2012). Teacher talk and learner involvement in EFL classroom: The case of Iranian setting. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(11), 2262-2268.
Tsang, A. (2017). EFL/ ESL teachers? general language proficiency and learners? engagement. RELC Journal, 48(1), 99-113.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
In-Text Citation: (Mustafa et al., 2018)
To Cite this Article: Mustafa, M. C., Ngajib, S. H., Isa, Z. M., Omar, A., Osman, Z., Ahmad, N. A., Amran, A. N. F. M. (2018). Early Childhood Teachers’ Challenges in Using English to Interact with Young English Language Learners. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 56–69.
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode