The record of Kelantan history proved that Islamic law had been executed in the state before the colonial age. However, the development had been intervened by British colonial in 1920s that resulted jurisdiction of the Islamic criminal law turn out to be narrower according to the British administration. After independence of Tanah Melayu, status quo jurisdiction in the field ofIslamic jurisprudence stay similar and not much improve hitherto. At the same time, there is no comprehensive study was carried out pertaining to the development of Islamic law in Kelantan especially before the the Sharia Criminal Codes II Hudud and Qisas was tabled in 1992. Hence, this paper is trying to initiate an effort to elaborate positive development of the above issue until the proposed 355 Act. This study is done by implementing a qualitative research and content analysis on literatures, manuscripts,journals, legislative reports and interviews. The study is significant in revealing the development of Islamic jurisdiction in Kelantan from historical perspective in order to understand the acceptance of Malaysian government towards the law. The study also to motivate a step in implementing the Islamic criminal law in the State through amendments in the Federal Constitution as well as in related Federal Act. The findings showed that law ofhudud and qisashave been excluded since colonial era and the remaining law only takzir which cover in every aspect of penalty in the Enactment. Kelantan Government had put an effort in executing hudud and qisassince 1991 but was casted-off by the Federal Government as it is contravene to theFederal Constitution. There are options in solving the conflicts either by amending the Federal Constitution under the state list or by adding jurisdiction in criminal punishment for the Shariah Court under Federal Act.
Abdullah, A. B. (1986). Towards The Implementation of Islamic Laws in Malaysia: The Problems and its Solution. Kuala Terengganu: PustakaDamai.
Abdullah, A. R. (1990). Muslim’s Ideology in Nusantara: History and it’s Development until 19th Century. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa danPustaka.
Act 355, Syariah Court Act (Criminal Jurisdiction) 1965 (Amendment 1984). \ Basic texts for Act 355 of 1984 available at:
http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/MY/Akta%20355%20-%20Akta%20Mahkamah%20Syariah%20(Bidang%20Kuasa%20Jenayah)%201965.pdf
Ahmad, A. H. (1982). Islamic Education in Kelantan. In K. K. Kim (Ed.), A Few Aspects of Kelantan Heritage (Monographic Series) (pp. 7-12). Kota Bharu: The State of Kelantan Museum Authority.
Al-Attas, S. N. (1969). Preliminary Statement on a General Theory of The Islamization Of The Malay-Indonesia Archipelago. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa danPustaka.
Awang, M. H. K. I. H. (1970). Kelantan from Time to Time. Kota Bharu: Pustaka Dian Press.
Aziz, S. A. (2015). Hudud from The Perspective of Constitution and The Law. Paper presented at the National Hudud Studies (Hudud in Malaysia; Opprtunities. Challenges and Obstacles) Organised by DakwahIslamiah Foundation of Malaysia (YADIM) (pp. 150-162). Kuala Lumpur: YayasanIslamiah Malaysia. Text in Malay, retrieved from: http://www.yadim.com.my/v2/jelas-dan-faham-maksud-hudud/
Braddel. (1931). The Legal Status of The Malay State. Singapore: Malayan Publishing House Ltd.
Chandran, J. (1971/1972). 1909 agreement between English and Siam and Its Background. Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies, 1(1), 4-13.
Cliffort, H. ( 1961). Expedition to Terengganu and Kelantan. Journal of Malayan Branch of The Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS), 34(1), 1-162.
El-Muhammady, A. H. (1998). Criminal Laws in Islam and States Enactments. Selangor: Law Faculty Publishing Committee.
Enactment 2 Enactment of The Syariah Criminal Code of Kelantan State. (1982). Retrieved from: http://www.esyariah.gov.my/portal/page/portal/Portal%20E-Syariah%20BI/Portal%20E-Syariah%20Carian%20Bahan%20Rujukan/Portal%20E-Syariah%20Undang-Undang/Portal%20E-Syariah%20Undang2%20Kelantan
Enactment No. 2 of 1966, Kelantan Council of Religion and Malay Custom Enactment, 1966. Retrieved from:
http://www2.esyariah.gov.my/esyariah/mal/portalv1/enakmen2011/Eng_enactment_Ori_lib.nsf/f831ccddd195843f48256fc600141e84/3572db3fa7d22e3d482573800029ea2b?OpenDocument
Fatimi, S. Q. (1963). Islam Comes to Malaysia. Singapura: Malaysian Sosiology Research Institute.
Fatimi, S. Q. (1963). Islam Comes to Malaysia. Singapura: Malaysian Sosiology Research Institute.
Federal Constitution of Malaysia 1957. Retrieved from:
www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/FC/Federal%20Consti%20(BI%20text).pdf
Ghazali., A. Z. B. (1997). Malays and Thailand States 1781-1945: Relation and Administration. Malaysian History Association.
Hassan, A. A. H. (1996). The Administration Of Islamic Law In Kelantan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa danPustaka.
Hung, H. T. M. (2016). The Politics of Hudud Law Implementation in Malaysia. The ISEAS Working Paper Series. No. 4, 1-18.
Hussin, A. A. (1995). Introducing the Law. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa danPustaka.
Ibrahim, A. (1975). Offences-Evidence-Procedure. In S. Gordon (Ed.), Islamic Law in Malay. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute Ltd.
Ibrahim, A. (1994). Explanation of TheSyariah Criminal Code, The Implementation of Hudud Law In Kelantan. Kota Bharu: Telda Corporation Sdn. Bhd.
Ibrahim, A., & Joned, A. (2005). The Legal System In Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa danPustaka.
Ibrahim, A., & Yaakob, A. M. (n.d). Common Law di Malaysia. n.p.
Ishak, S. (2016). The costs of crime to the society in Malaysia. International Journal Of Business, Economics And Law. 11(3), 13-18.
Jong, P. E. D. J. D. (1963). Religions in The Clusters of Malays Islands. Translated by Abdullah Hussain. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Universi
In-Text Citation: (Ismail & Sulong, 2018)
To Cite this Article: Ismail, F. B. H., & Sulong, J. Bin. (2018). The Development and Obstacles in Applying the Islamic Criminal Law in the State of Kelantan, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 890–900.
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
