International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

search-icon

Designing a Model of Brand Equity for Sports Industry of Iran: Football Premier League (A Case Study)

Open access

Hojat Vahdati, Asghar Moshabbaki Esfahani, Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini, Mohammad Ehsani

Pages 593-604 Received: 18 Oct, 2013 Revised: 06 Nov, 2013 Published Online: 30 Nov, 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.46886/IJARBSS/v3-i11/402
Today's sports have been affected by the globalization process in the world, particularly in Asia. The sports organizations are undergoing major changes. So, professional football is becoming a distinct business in this continent including Iran. Regarding this issue and the importance of brand equity in the economic success of clubs, this research has been conducted to designing a model of brand equity. Using descriptive analytic methods, the quantitative data were collected from various sources. The population consisted of 10 experts and all spectators of 6 Premier League Teams who were present at the stadium. The sample size was 720 subjects who were randomly and equally selected from the fans. Based on the perspectives of brand equity and using the views of experts and fans, finally, the researchers provided a model of brand equity for teams in the Football League in season of 2012-2013. Using factor analysis and structural equation model, the dimensions of brand equity of Football according to their factor loading included: brand loyalty (0.96), brand awareness (0.93), brand Associations (0.89), and perceived quality (0.74).
Aaker, D. A., (1996), "Building Strong Brands", New York, Free Press.
Bauer, H.H., Sauer, N.E. & Schmith, P. (2005), "Customer based brand equity in the team sport industry. Operationalization and impact on the economic success of sport teams", Europian journal of Marketing, 39(5-6), pp. 496-513.
Bruhn, M.Hennig-Thurau, T., Hadwich, K. (2004)," Markenpolitik und Relationship Marketing", in Bruhn, M. (Hrsg.),Handbuch Markenfhrung, Wiesbaden, S. 391-420.
Chen, J.Long., (2007),"Managerial Factors Affecting Team Identification, Florida University.
Day.G.S., (1969), " A Two-Dimensional Concept of Brand Loyalty", Journal of advertising research , vol 9(3), pp 29-35.
Gau, L.I., Shiue, J., Jeffrey D., Kim, J.C., (2009), " Effects of Team Identification on Motives, Behavior Outcomes, and Perceived Service Quality", Asian Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences, 4( 2-3), pp. 76-90.
Gill, M., S., Dawra, J., (2007), " Evaluating Aaker ’ s sources of brand equity and the mediating role of brand image", Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 18, (3-4), pp 189–198.
Gladden , J . M . , Milne , G . R . ( 1999 ), ‘ Examining the importance of brand equity in professional sports ’, Sports Marketing Quarterly , 8(1) , pp. 21 – 29 .
Gladden, J. M., Milne, G. R., & Sutton, W. A. (1998). A conceptual framework for evaluating brand equity in Division I college athletics. Journal of Sport Management, 12, 1-19.
James, J.D. & Trail, G.T. (2005), "The Relationship Between Tam Identification and Sport Consumption Intentions" , International Sport Journal, vol. Winter, pp. 1-10.
Kapferer, J. N.(2004),"The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaing Brand Equity Long Term", London, Kogan Page.
Karlsson, Par."Swedish Football clubs: A study of how to increase the revenues in Allsvenskan", Linnaeus University.2011.
Keller, K. L. (2003), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ .
Keller, K.L., Aperia, T.& Georgson, M., (2008),"Strategic Brand Management",Harlow, Pearson Education.
Kerr.K.A., (2009), "You Will Never Walk Alone", Sydney University
Koo., J.J., (2009), "Brand Management Strategy for Korean Football Teams". Brunel University.
Milne, G. R., McDonald, M.A., (1999), "Sport Marketing: Managing the Exchange Process", Jones & Bartlett Publishers, sudboury, MA.
Pitts, B.G., Feilding L.W., Miller, L. K.(1994). Industry Segmentation Theory and Sport Industry, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 3(1): 15-24.
Ramos, Villarejo, Ángel F., Felix A., Martín-Velicia, (2007). ”A proposed model for measuring the brand equity in sports organizations”. EsicMarket, 123, pp. 63-83.
Richelieu, A., Pons, F., (2008), " Branding sport Teams in a Competitive Context: A look at Team Branding Strategies in the National Hockey League", In S. Chadwick, & D. Arthur, International Cases in the Business of Sport, pp. 13-27.
Robinson, M.J., Miller, J. (2003), "Assessing the impact of Bobby Knight on the brand equity of the Texas Tech basketball program". Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12 1, 56-60.
Rosca., Vald,(2010), Sustainable Development Of A City By Using A Football Club, Theoretical and Empirical Research In Urban Management, 7()16, PP: 61-67
Ross, S.D., (2006). "A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Spectator-Based Brand Equity". Journal of Sport Management,20, PP:22-38.
Schilhaneck Michael(2008), "Brand management in the professional sport club setting", European Journal for Sports and Society, 5(1), 43-62.
Shank, M. D., (2005), "Sports Marketing: A Strategic Perspective", (3rd edition), Person Education, Inc. Upper Sadle River, New Jersey.
Swieter, D. (2002), "An Economic Analysis of the Professional German Soccer League", Duncker & Humblot, Berlin
Tinsley, H.E.A., Brown, S.D. (2000), " Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling", Academic Press.
Tong, X., Hawley, J. M., (2009), "Measuring customer-based brand equity: empirical evidence from the sportswear market in China", Journal of Product & Brand Management , 18(4), pp: 262–271
Yoo, B. , Donthu, N. (2001), “Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 52 No. 1, pp. 1-14.
Walsh, P., (2008),"The impact of brand extensions on the brand associations of a sports team", ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Wann, D.L., (2006). "The Causes and Consequences of Sport Team Identification. In Raney A.A. & Bryant J. Eds". Handbook of Sports and Media (pp. 331-352). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Washburn, J.H. and Plank, R.E. (2002), “Measuring brand equity: an evaluation of a consumer-based brand equity scale”, Journal of Marketing, Theory and Practice, 10(1), pp. 46-63.
Yoo, B. Donthu, N. and Lee, S. (2000), “An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing science, Vol.28, No.2, pp.195-211.
Yun T.L., (2007),"Factors influencing fan brand loyalty", Thesis of lynn university, 2007.