This research aimed to evaluate the multiple mediated effect of adult attachment style on acquired skills of Gottman’s psycho-educational intervention and marital communication patterns in 144 married people selected from 256 Iranian spouses who had already finished the Gottman’s intervention within two months. The accumulated evidences have shown Gottman’s intervention improves marital communication patterns, what is missing, however, is the multiple mediated effect of adult attachment style on marital communication patterns and intervention. The results indicated that acquired skills of Gottman’s psycho-educational intervention significantly influenced all attachment’s subscales. Furthermore, attachment significantly mediated the effect of acquired skills of Gottman’s intervention on marital communication patterns. These results suggest family counselors to consider attachment style as predictable ways for more effective Gottman’s intervention on marital communication patterns. For future researches, it is suggested to utilize Actor-Partner Interdependence Model for Mediator for evaluating the multiple mediated effect of adult attachment in dyadic interaction.
AhmadiGatab, T., & Khamen, A. B. Z. (2011). Relation between communication skills and marital-adaptability among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1959-1963.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2009). Introduction to research in education. USA: Wadsworth Pub Co.
Bidokhti, N. M., & Pourshanbaz, A. (2012). The relationship between attachment styles, marital satisfaction and sex guilt with sexual desire in Iranian women. Iranian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1(1).
Blanchard, Hawkins, A. J., Baldwin, S. A., & Fawcett, E. B. (2009). Investigating the effects of marriage and relationship education on couples' communication skills: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 203. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/a0015211
Bowlby. (2001). Attachment theory and psychotherapy research. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 10(2), 133. Retrived from http://vuir.vu.edu.au
Bretz, K. (2009). An actor-partner interdependence model of attachment processes, conflict resolution, and psychological abuse on relationship quality in a community sample of heterosexual couples (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.digital.library.unt.edu
Butzer, B., & Campbell, L. (2008). Adult attachment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: A study of married couples. Personal Relationships, 15(1), 141-154. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Childs, G. (2009). Marriage preparation education programs: An evaluation of essential elements of quality (Unpublished master's thesis).
Retrieved from http://hdl.lib.byu.edu/1877/etd2983
Chow, C. M., Ruhl, H., & Buhrmester, D. (2013). The mediating role of interpersonal competence between adolescents' empathy and friendship quality: A dyadic approach. Journal of adolescence, 36(1), 191-200.
Christensen, & Sullaway, M. (1984). Communication patterns questionnaire (Unpublished manuscript). University of California, Los Angeles.
Collins. (1996). Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 810. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org
Collins, & Allard. (2004). Cognitive representations of attachment: The content and function of working models. In Brewer, Marilynn (Ed.); Hewstone, Miles (Ed.),. Social cognition. Perspectives on social psychology (pp. 75-101). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Cornelius, Alessi, G., & Shorey, R. C. (2007). The effectiveness of communication skills training with married couples: Does the issue discussed matter? The Family Journal, 15(2), 124. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/psy_articles
Cornelius, Shorey, R. C., & Beebe, S. M. (2010). Self-reported communication variables and dating violence: Using Gottman’s marital communication conceptualization. Journal of Family Violence, 25(4), 439-448.
Crowley, A. K. (2008). The relationship of adult attachment style and interactive conflict styles to marital satisfaction (Unpublished doctoral disertation). Retrieved from http://www.oaktrust.library.tamu.edu
Deylami, N., Khalatbary, J., & Hashemian, K. (2007). Relationship between attachment style and family structure with domestic violence: Effect of marital life training on domestic violence among Iranian couple in Tehran University dormitories (Unpublished master's thesis). Science and Research Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Ebrahimi, E., & Kimiaei, A. (2014). The study of the relationship among marital satisfaction, attachment styles, and communication patterns in divorcing couples. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 55(6), 451-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jss063
Gottman. (1999). The marriage clinic: A scientifically-based marital therapy. New York, USA: Norton & Company. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org
Gottman. (2013a). The analysis of change. Retrieved from http://www.gottman.com
Gottman. (2013b). Marital interaction: Experimental investigations. New York: Academic Press.
Gottman. (2014). What predicts divorce? The relationship between marital processes and
marital. Outcomes. London, UK: Psychology Press Inc.
Gottman, J. M., & Gottman, J. S. (2011). Bridging the couple therapy; Gottman couples therapy:A research-based approach. Seattle, Washington: Gottman Institute, INC.
Gottman, J. M., & Gottman, J. S. (2013). Difficulties with clients in Gottman method couples therapy. Retrived from http://www.psycnet.apa.org
Gottman, & Levenson, R. W. (2002). A two-factor model for predicting when a couple will divorce: exploratory analyses using 14-year longitudinal data. Family Process, 41(1), 83-96.
Gottman, & Notarius, C. I. (2000). Decade review: observing marital interaction. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 927-947.
Retrieved from http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Gottman, & Swanson, C. (2002). A general systems theory of marriage: Nonlinear difference equation modeling of marital interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(4), 326-340
Halford, W. K., Markman, H. J., Kling, G. H., & Stanley, S. M. (2003). Best practice in couple relationship education. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(3), 385-406. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com
Hassan, S. A. (2015). Islamic transcendental wellbeing model for Malaysian Muslim women: implication on counselling. Asian Social Science, 11(21), p331.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n21p331
Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67(3), 451-470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12028
Hollist, C. S., & Miller, R. B. (2005). Perceptions of attachment style and marital quality in midlife marriage. Family Relations, 54(1), 46-57.
Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/famconfacpub
Honarian, Younesi, Shafiabadi, & Nafissi. (2010). “The impact of couple therapy based on attachment” in deterministic thinking and marital satisfaction among couples. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling 2, 91-99.
Iran's Minstry of Interior, National Organization of Civil Registration (NOCR). (2015). Vital Statistics Events. Retrieved From http://www.sciencedirect.com
Isanezhad, O., Ahmadi, S. A., & Etemadi, A. (2010). Effectivness of relationship enhancement on marital quality of couples. Journal of Behavioral Sciences 4(1), 9-16.
Janbaz FereidouniI, K., Tabrizi, M., & Navabinezhad, S. (2008). The impact" self regulation brief couple therapy" Increase couple's satisfaction in the clients of Babolsar Farhangian Clinic. Journal of Family Research, 4(3), 213-229.
Kazemi, P. (2008). Effectivness of Improving of Marital quality on Marital Satisfaction and Mental Health (Unpublished master's thesis), Ferdoosi, Mashhad-Iran.
Ledermann, T., Macho, S., & Kenny, D. A. (2011). Assessing mediation in dyadic data using the actor-partner interdependence model. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 18(4), 595-612. Retrieved from http://davidakenny.net/APIMeM/apimem.htm
Matthews, S. U. (2010). Adult attachment styles: Relationships with marital and sexual satisfaction (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/psychology_dissertations
Millings, A., & Walsh, J. (2009). A dyadic exploration of attachment and caregiving in long term couples. Personal Relationships, 16(3), 437-453. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2009.01232.x
Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. (2012). Structural equation modelling and regression analysis in tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(8), 777-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.641947
Ostenson, J. A. (2008). The Neglect of Divorce in Marital Research: An Ontological Analysis of the Work of John Gottman (Master's thesis).
Retrieved from http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd. (1635).
Parker, Johnson, & Ketring. (2012). Adult attachment and symptom distress: a dyadic analysis of couples in therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 34(3), 321-344.
Qibthiyyah, R. and A. J. Utomo (2016). "Family Matters: Demographic Change and Social Spending in Indonesia." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 52(2): 133-159.
Sanders, T. T. (2010). Premarital counseling: An assessment of the readiness of social workers to promote an approach to divorce prevention (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. (3391590)
Shaker, A., Heshmati, R., & Rahimi, M. P. (2010). Investigation of marital adjustment in people with secure, preoccupied, dismissing and fearful attachment styles. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1823-1826.
Smith, S. D., & Ng, K. M. (2009). Association between adult romantic attachment styles and family-of-origin expressive atmosphere. The Family Journal, 17(3), 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480709337806
Steuber, K. R. (2005). Adult attachment, conflict style, and relationship satisfaction: A comprehensive model. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Delaware,
Newark. USA.
Tonnessen, L. (2016). Women’s Activism in Saudi Arabia: Male Guardianship and Sexual
Violence. Bergen: Rafto, 4.
Deylami, N., & Hassan, S. A. (2017). Multiple Mediated Effect of Adult Attachment Style on Association between Acquired Skills from Gottman’s Intervention on Marital Communication Patterns. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(14), 451-464.
Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode