This paper presents the effect that can influence the compulsive usage and technostress. The proposed model has been empirically tested using collected data from a survey selected sample of respondents. The survey consists of questionnaire responded by 180 students with 90 % response rate among students in UiTM Puncak Perdana that located in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis, correlation and multiples regression analysis other than common analysis technique. Findings indicated that all variables are positively associated with compulsive usage. Among them, there are three predictors have been identified which are locus of control (LOC), materialism (MAT) and need for touch (NFT) that contribute to more compulsive usage of smartphone. This finding contributed in terms of allowing us to understand the effects of psychological traits towards compulsive behavior and technostress. The outcome of this paper provides supplementary information which beneficial to the related industries, researchers and practitioners as discussed.
Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The human cost of the computer revolution.
Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, interpersonal selfregulation,
and romantic relationships: An agency model approach. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 57–83). New York: Guilford.
Caplan, S. E. (2007). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and
problematic internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 234–242.
Caronia, L., & Caron, A. (2004). Constructing a specific culture: Young people’s use ofthe
mobile phone as a social performance. Conv ergence, 10(2), 28–61.
Chak, K.,&Leung,L.(2004).Shyness and locus of control as predictors of
Internet addiction and Internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior,7(5), 559–570.
Champion, S. (1988). “Technostress:Technology’s Toll”, School Library Journal, November, 1988, pp: 48-51.
Collis, J. & Hussey, R. (2009). Business research: A practical guide for
undergraduate and postgraduate students (3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ebstrup, J. F., Eplov, L. F., Pisinger, C., & Jørgensen, T. (2011). Association
between the Five Factor personality traits and perceived stress: Is the effect mediated by general self-efficacy? Anxiety Stress Coping, 24(4), 407–419.
Ehrenberg, A., Juckes, S., White, K. M.&Walsh, S. P. (2008). Personality
and self-esteem as predictors of young people’s technology
use. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 11(6), 739–741.
Enis, L.A. (2005). “Much of What I Found Out about Technostress and
Librarians”. Computers in Librarians.September, 10-12.
Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis.
Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429–456.
James, D., & Drennan, J. (2005). Exploring Addictive Consumption of Mobile Phone
Technology, ANZMAC 2005 Conference: Electronic Marketing
Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1993). The interaction anxiousness scale: Construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61(1), 136–146.
Leong, L.-Y.,Ooi,K.-B.,Chong,A.Y.-L.,&Lin,B.(2011).Influenceof individual
charateristics, perceived usefulness and ease of use on mobile entertainment adoption. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 9(4), 359–382.
Matusik, S. F., & Mickel, A. E. (2011). Embracing or embattled by converged mobile devices? Users’ experiences with a contemporary
connectivity technology. Human Relations, 64(8), 1001–1030.
M.Salehan & A. Negahban (2013). Social Networking on smartphones: When
mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2632 -2639.
Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2003). Loneliness and social
uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(6), 659–671.
Mueller, A., Claes, L., Mitchell, J. E., Faber, R. J., Fischer, J., & Zwaan, M.
(2011). Does compulsive buying differ between male and female students? Personality and Individual Differences, 50(8), 1309–1312.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill
Nielsen, J. (1990). The art of navigating through hypertext. Communications of the ACM 33, 3
(March), 296-310
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Eby, L. T. (2006). Locus of control at work:
A metaanalysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(8), 1057–1087.
Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012). Habits make
smartphone use more pervasive. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 105–114.
O’Guinn, T. C., & Faber, R. J. (1989). Compulsive buying: A
phenomenological exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 147–157.
Parylak, S. L., Koob, G. F., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2011). The dark side of food
addiction. Physiology & Behavior, 104(1), 149–156.
Peck, J., & Childers, T. (2003a). Individual differences in haptic information
processing: The ‘‘need for touch’’ scale. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(3), 430–442.
Peck, J., & Childers, T. (2003b). To have and to hold: The influence of haptic
information on product judgments. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 35–48.
Prime Minister Office Website, Retrieved on 16 June 2014 from World Wide
Web: http://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/bajet2013/SPEECH_BUDGET_2013_28092012_E.pdf
Qiang, W., Bowling, N. A., & Eschleman, K. J. (2010). A meta-analytic
examination of work and general locus of control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4),761–768.
Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information Systems Research, 19(4), 417–433.
Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for
materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303–316.
Richins, M. L. (2004). The material values scale: Measurement properties and
development of a short form. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 209–219.
Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E., & Denton, F. (1997). Family structure,
materialism, and compulsive consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(4), 312–325.
Roberts, J., & Pirog, S. (2013). A preliminary investigation of materialism and
impulsiveness as predictors of technological addictions among young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(1), 56–62.
Rotter, J.B.(1954). Social learning and clinical psychology . New York:Prentice-Hall.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external
control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1–28.
Sapp, S. G., & Harrod, W. J. (1993). Reliability and validity of a brief version of Levenson’s locus of control scale. Psychological Reports,
72(2), 539–550.
Saunder, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation:
A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641- 669.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. Colorado: John Willey & Sons.
Takao, M., Takahashi, S., & Kitamura, M. (2009). Addictive personality and
problematic mobile phone use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(5), 501–507.
Tatzel, M. (2002). Money worlds and well-being: An integration of money
dispositions, materialism, and price-related behaviors. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23(February), 103–126.
The Star Online Website, Retrieved on 16 June from World Wide Web:
http://www.thestar.com.my/Tech/Tech-News/2013/09/12/Smartphone-and-tablet-
Thomée, S., Eklöf, M., Gustafsson, E., Nilsson, R., & Hagberg, M. (2007).
Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults - an explorative prospective study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1300–1321.
Thomée, S., Härenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2011). Mobile phone use and
stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults – A prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 66–76.
Toms, E. G. (2002), Information interaction: Providing a framework for
information architecture. Journal American Society Information Science, 53, 855–862.
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of
Entitlement. Atria Books.
Van Boven, L., Campbell, M. C., & Gilovich, T. (2010). Stigmatizing materialism: On
stereotypes and impressions of materialistic and experiential pursuits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(4), 551–563.
Wallston, K.A.,Maides,S.A.,&Wallston,B.S.(1976).Health related information
seeking as a function of health related locus of control and health value. Journal of Research in Personality, 10 , 215–222.
Watson, S. (2009). Credit card misuse, money attitudes, and compulsive
buying behaviors: A comparison of internal and external locus of control (LOC) consumers. College Student Journal, 43(2), 268–275.
Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., Wang, P. W., Chang, Y. H., & Ko, C. H.
(2012). Social anxiety in online and real-life interaction and their associated factors. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 15(1), 7–12.
Shahibi, M. S., & Aziz, F. A. (2017). The Effect of Smartphone that Influence the Compulsive Usage among Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(8), 812-830.
Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode