This study aims to discusses the role and contribution of Ottoman science institutions in the development of Muslim civilization in the 16th century CE. The writing of this article is focused on science institutions related to medicine and astronomy, encompassing hospitals, Suleym?niye Medical Madrasah, Office of Chief Physician, Office of Chief Astronomer, Muwaqqithana and Istanbul Observatory and analyses the role and contribution of these institutions. This is a qualitative study based on the methods of historical study and content analysis. Textual research data is gathered and analysed using a descriptive approach. Our findings suggest that Ottoman science institutions in the 16th century played an important role in developing science and technology based on the innovations developed by said institutions, such as new medicines, musical therapy in dentistry and new astronomical equipment. The importance of this study lies in the many innovative contributions by Ottoman scholars to the world community, particularly in the fields of medicine and astronomy, which led to development of civilization.
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