The fast-paced growth of organizations in the world requires more leaders who are equipped with the requisite skills and competencies to bring about positive change in society. Essentially, contemporary society demands a set of leaders who are able to provide adaptive and creative solutions for the challenges that confront the modern world. The development of leadership competencies has therefore become critical at virtually every level of society. Accordingly, various organizations and institutions have employed various approaches to develop the requisite skills and competencies in their leaders. However, given the subtlety and range of skills demanded for leadership in contemporary society, leadership educators are challenged to select and synthesize appropriate concepts and methods consistent with the features of the new millennium that can buttress and give significance to student leadership experience. Otherwise, leadership development could be premised on theoretical approaches to leadership that may have been effective for past centuries “premised on physical production” (Uhl-Bien, Marion & McKelvy, 2007, Rost, 1993). The purpose of this paper, then, is to explore the impact of leadership education on college students and to propose transformational leadership as a theoretical foundation on which to build a formal student leadership development program that can adequately prepare college students for leadership for positive change.
Antonio, A.L. (2001). The role of interracial interaction in the development of leadership skills and cultural knowledge and understanding. Research in Higher Education, 42, 593-617.
Astin, A. W., & Astin, H.S. (2000). Leadership reconsidered: Engaging higher education in social change. Battle Creek, MI: W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Astin, A.W. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical years revisted. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Astin, A.W., Sax, L.J., & Avalos, J. (1999). The long-term effects of volunteerism during the undergraduate years. Review of Higher Education, 21, 187-202.
Astin, A.W., & Sax, L.J. (1998). How undergraduates are affected by service participation. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 251-263.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bayer, M. (2012). The effectiveness of student leadership development programs at a midwestern university. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertation & Thesis: Full Text (3524436).
Berg, D. H. (2003). Prospective leadership development in colleges and universities in Canada: Perceptions of leaders, educators and students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Bibby, R. W. (2001). Canada’s teens: Yesterday and tomorrow. Toronto, ON: Stoddart
Publishing Co.
Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice and leadership (3rd ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Boyd, B. (2011). From the editor’s clipboard: All leadership programs are not created equal (Editorial). Journal of Leadership Education, 10 (1). Retrieved from http://www.leadershipeducators.org/Resources/Documents/jole/2011_winter/Editors%20Clipboard.pdf
Brungardt, C. (1997). The making of leaders: A review of the research in leadership development and education. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 3, 81-95. doi: 10.1177/107179199700300309.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row
Carry, A. (2003). Left behind: Student leadership programs in higher education. Net
Results, January 28, 2003.
Cress, C.M., Astin, H.S., Zimmerman-Oster, K., & Burhardt, J.C. (2001). Developmental outcomes of college students’ involvement in leadership activities. Journal of College Student Development, 42, 15-27.
Dempster, N. & Lizzio, A. (2007). Student leadership: Necessary research. Australian Journal of Education, 15, 276-285.
Drucker, P. F. (2002). Managing in the next society. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Dugan, J.P (2011). Research on college student leadership development. In S.R. Komives., J.P. Dugan, J.E. Owen, C. Slack, W. Wagner, & Associates (Eds.), The handbook for student leadership development (pp. 59-84). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dugan, J.P., Bohle, C.W, Gebhardt, M., Hofert, M, Wilk, E, & Cooney, M.A. (2011). Influences of leadership program participation on students’ capacities for socially responsible leadership. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 48, 65-84. doi: 10.2202/1949-6605.6206
Dugan, J.P & Komives, S.R (2010). Influences on college students’ capacities for socially responsible leadership. Journal of College Student Development, 1, 525-549. doi: 10.1353/csd.2010.0009
Dugan, J.P. (2006). Involvement and leadership: A descriptive analysis of socially responsible leadership. Journal of College Student Development, 47, 335-343.
Durham-Hynes, S. (2009). Perceptions of the capacity for change as a component of leadership development as reported by select populations of college students: Implications for college student leadership development. Available from ProQuest Dissertation & Thesis: Full Text (3370691).
Eich, D. (2008). A grounded theory of high quality leadership programs. Perspectives from student leadership development programs in higher education. Journal of Leadership Education, 5, 176-187.
Gardiner, L. F. (1994). Redesigning Higher Education: Producing Dramatic Gains in Student Learning.Washington, D.C.: ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education (HE 029
135).
Gardner, J. (1990). On leadership. New York: The Free Press.
Greenleaf, R. K, (1977). Servant leadership. New York. Paulist Press.
Haber. P. (2011). Formal leadership program models. In In S.R. Komives., J.P. Dugan, J.E. Owen, C. Slack, W. Wagner, & Associates (Eds.), The handbook for student leadership development (pp. 231-257). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation. New
York: Vintage Books.
Kezar, A., & Moriarty, D. (2000). Expanding our understanding of student leadership development: A study exploring gender and ethnic identity. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 55-68.
Komives, S.R., Longerbeam, S.D., Owen, J.E., Mainella, F.C., & Osteen, L. (2006). A leadership identity development model: Applications from a grounded theory. Journal of College Student Development, 47, 401-418.
Komives, S., Lucas, N., & McMahon, T. (1998). Exploring leadership for college
students who want to make a difference. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2008). The student leadership challenge: Five practices for exemplary leaders .San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kouzes, J.M. & Posner, B.Z. (2002). The Leadership Challenge. (3rd ed). San Fransico: Jossey-Bass.
Miller, T. K. (2003). CAS, the book of professional standards for higher education 2003. (3 rd. ed). Washington DC: CAS – HBP Printing.
National Association of Colleges and Employers. (2000). Job outlook 2000 – What employers want. Retreived from http://www.naceweb.org/home.aspx.
Northouse, P. G. (2004). Leadership: Theory and practice (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
Pascarella, E.T., & Terenzi. P.T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pearce, C.L & Conger, J.A (Eds.). (2003). Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Petrick, J. A. & J. F. Quinn. (1997). Management ethics: Integrity at work: Thousand Oaks California: Sage Publications.
Roberts, D. C. (2007). Deeper learning in leadership: Helping college students find the potential within. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Rosch, D.M, & Caza A. (2012). The durable effects of short-term programs on student leadership development. Journal of Leadership Education, 11, 28 - 48.
Rost. J.C (1993). Leadership development in the new millennium. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 1, 91-110. doi: 10.1177/1071179199300100109
Rost. J. C. (1991). Leadership for the twenty-first century. New York: Praeger.
Shehane, M.R., Sturtevant, K.A., Moore, L.L., & Dooley, K.E (2012). First –year student perceptions related to leadership awareness and influences. Journal of Leadership Education, 11, 140-156.
Tichy, N. M., & DeVanna, M. A. (1986). The transformational leader. New York:
Wiley.
Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. Leadership Quarterly, 18, 298-318.
Zimmerman-Oster, K & Burkhardt, J.C. (1999). Leadership in the making: A comprehensive examination of the impact of leadership development programs on students. Journal of Leadership Studies, 6, 30-66. doi:10. 1177/107179199900600304
Copyright: © 2013 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
