Governance is a very important interaction process involving government, private sector and civil society in decision-making. Knowing the influence of sustainability governance to the ecotourism management is important to make ecotourism objective and Ecotourism Center more successful. Thus, the study was done to assess the hierarchy sustainability governance based on documents analysis on Paya Indah Wetlands (PIW) ecotourism management in so that environmental quality is maintained and generating national income. The study was carried out by identifying and analyzing the themes and sub themes of hierarchy governance that affect the sustainability of PIW ecotourism management. Qualitative study conducted in PIW by analyzing legal documents, guidelines and SOPs related to the ecotourism management in PIW by analyze the data using Nvivo version 11 software. The findings indicate that hierarchy sustainability governance influence PIW ecotourism management through security element according to rules and regulations in the form of legislation and non-legislation; monitoring and top-down bureaucracy approach involving application and approval process. The result is dynamic because every theme that are safety, regulation and bureaucracy cannot stand alone in the management of ecotourism but need help from other themes, creates a complex interdependence. In conclusion, based on documents analysis, hierarchy sustainability governance affect the ecotourism management in PIW.
Adams,W.M. (2001). Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World. Edisi ke-2. New York: Routledge.
Bennett, P. (2000). Environmental Governans And Private Actors: Enrolling Insurers In International Maritime Regulation. Political Geography 19:875-899.
Blowers, A. (1993). Environmental Policy. The Quest For Sustainable Development. Urban Studies. 30 (4-5), 775 - 796.
Ceballos-Lascurain.(1998). Tourism, Ecotourism And Protected Areas. IUCN World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas.
Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient Of Agreement For Nominal Scales. Educational and Phychological Measurement 20 (1):37-46.
Garrod, B. & Fyall, A.(1998). Beyond The Rhetoric Of Sustainable Tourism (2nd Edition), Longman, Frenchs Forest.
Heywood.(1997). Politics. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Hobson, K. & Essex, S. (2001). Sustainable Tourism: A New From Accommodation Businesses. The Services Industries Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 133-147.
Jabatan PERHILITAN Malaysia, (2008). Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) dan Garis Panduan PERHILITAN di PIW.
Jabatan PERHILITAN Malaysia.(2016, October 08).http://www.wildlife.gov.my.
Jabatan PERHILITAN Malaysia.(2016, September 08). www.wildlife.gov.my/index.php/en/paya-indah-wetland-dengkil-selangor.htm/.
Jahi, J. (1995). Conflicts Of Coastal Resources Use And Impacts Of Tourism Development On Coastal Zone. Workshop on Coastal Zone Management in Sarawak. Anjuran Angkatan Zaman Mansang (AZAM). Kuching. 20-21 Disember 1995.
Jahi, J., Razman, M. R., Zainal, R., Sulaiman,A. & Emrizal. (2013). Pengurusan Alam Sekitar Di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi.
Kementerian Pelancongan dan Kebudayaan Malaysia.(1996). Pelan Ekopelancongan Kebangsaan Malaysia. World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) Malaysia, Petaling Jaya.
Kettl.(2002). Network Analysis And Tourism: From Theory To Practice. Clevedon: Channel View Publications
Kickert. (1997). Managing Complex Networks: Strategies For The Public Sektor.
Laporan Bajet Malaysia (2011). (2016, October 30). http://www.pmo.gov.my/?menu_ speech&page=1908&news_id=347.
Lindberg, K., Furze, B., Staff,, M. Black, R. (1997). Ecotourism in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues and Outlook. The International Ecotourism Society. Burlington, VT.
Lowndes & Skelcher. (1998). The Dynamics Of Multi-Organizational Partnerships. An Analysis Of Changing Styles Of Governans. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Mahamod, Z. (2004). Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu Dalam kalangan Pelajar Cemerlang Sekolah Menengah. PhD Thesis. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi.
Mapjabil, J. & Din, K. (2012). Pelancongan di Malaysia; Isu-Isu Pelancongan Terpilih: UUM Press.
Malaysia. (2006). Akta Industri Pelancongan 1992 (Pindaan 2006). (482 Act).
Malaysia. (2010). Akta Lembaga Penggalakan Pelancongan Malaysia 1992 (481 Act).
Malaysia. (2010). Akta Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar 2010. (716 Act).
Malaysia. (2012). Akta Taman Negara 1980 (Pindaan 2012) (226 Act).
Maxwell, J.A. (2005). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. London: SAGE Publications. London.
Nik Yusoff, N,M.R. (2005). Kemahiran Mendengar Bahasa Arab: Satu Kajian Di Sekolah Menengah Kerajaan Negeri. Tesis Dr. Fal. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
Pearce, P. L. & Moscardo, G. (1989). Tourism Community Analysis: Asking The Right Questions. Dlm. Pearce, D.G. & Butler, R.W. (pynt.). Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development. London: Routledge.
Peters. (1998). Managing Horizontal Government. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Powell, W. (2007). The New Instututionalism. International Encyclopedia Of Organization Studies. Clegg, S.R & Bailey. J. Sage Publications Inc.
Razman, M. R. (2001). The Law Of Negligence And Environmental Protection: Malaysian Legal Protectives. Proceedings SEAGA 6, International Conference, 12th - 15th November.
Razman, M. R. (2002). Isu-Isu Persekitaran Di Malaysia. Dlm. Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, Kadir Arifin, Muhammad Rizal Razman.Program Pengurusan Persekitaran, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi. Ammier’s Souvenirs & Printing.
Richards, L. (1999). Using Nvivo In Qualitative Research. London:Sage Publications Ltd.
Richards, L. (2005). Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Steven, S.S. (1958). Problems And Methode Of Psychophysics. Psychological Bulletin. LV, 177-196.
Thorelli. (1986). Network: Between Market And Hierarchie. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
UNDP. (1970). Governans For Sustainable Development: A UNDP Policy Document. New York: UNDP.
United Nation Environment Programme (UPEK). (2001). Ecotourism and Sustainability. Industry and Environment. 24, 3-4. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
Utusan Malaysia (1993). 28 September.
Van Gunsteren. (1976). Preface: The quest of control. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
WCED. Brundtland Report. (1987). Our Common Future. World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Weber.(1952). The essentials of bureaucratic organization: An ideal type construction.
Williams,C.C. & Millington, A.C. (2004). The Diverse And Contested Meanings Of Sustainable Development. The Geographical Journal 170(2): 99-104.
Yin. R. K. (1994). Case Study Research. Design And Methods. 2nd Edition. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage Publications.
Saruman, M. F. M., Razman, M. R., Zakaria, S. Z. S., & Ern, L. K. (2017). Influence of Hierarchy Sustainability Governance in Ecotourism Management: Case Study in Paya Indah Wetlands. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 467-477.
Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
