Social entrepreneurship is given much emphasis by the Ministry of Education Malaysia as one of the entrepreneurship programs for university students. A social entrepreneurship program that draws large participation from all Malaysian public university students is Entrepreneurship Act Us (ENACTUS). ENACTUS is seen as an authentic form of education that could provide students with the opportunity to hone their social entrepreneurial skills and self-resiliency through the community service based projects. The main attempt of this study is to identify the dimensions of social entrepreneurship and resilience among public university students in Malaysia, who are active participants in ENACTUS. Social entrepreneurship dimension in this study consists of sociality, innovation and market orientation; while resilience dimension encompasses resilience to stress, adversity and risk. A sample of 341 active participants in ENACTUS program was selected using stratified random sampling. Questionnaires were used as the main instrument to collect data and the data obtained was analyzed statistically. Overall, the level of social entrepreneurship and resilience among public university students in the ENACTUS program were found to be at high level. The result shows a strong positive correlation between social entrepreneurship and resilience with the Pearson coefficient value of 0.53. This study reveals that social entrepreneurship education program has a significant role in improving the resilience among public university students. Thus, the Minister of Education in Malaysia should encourage greater participation of university students in social entrepreneurship programs to strengthen their resilience towards stress, adversity and risk.
Ahmad Rafflis, C. O., Zaimah, D. & Siohong, T. (2007). Perception towards student business ventures in university. In Mohd. Fauzi, M. J., Yahya, I., Siohong, T. & June, M. L. P. (Eds). Entrepreneurship & Business Competitiveness (pp.71-82). Fakulti Ekonomi dan Perniagaan, UKM Bangi: Penerbit UKM Bangi.
Aida Rahayu, A. (2010). Daya tahan tekno usahawan dan persepsi perkembangan perniagaan. Unpublished master’s thesis, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
Bonanno, G. (2004). Loss, trauma dan human resilience. American Psychologist, 59, 20-28.
Brooks, A. C. (2009). Social entrepreneurship: A modern approach to social value creation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morisson, K. (2001). Research methods in education. (5th ed.). London: Routledge Falmer.
Collins, L., Hannon P. D. & Smith, A. (2004). Enacting entrepreneurial intent: the gap between students’ needs and higher education capabilities. Education&Training. 46(8/9), 454-463.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82.
Davies, J. A. (1971). Elementary survey snalysis. Englewood: Prentice Hall.
Dees, J.G. (2001). Enterprising nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, 76, 55-67.
Durieux, M. B. & Stebbins, R. A. (2010). Social entrepreneurship for dummies. USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Economic Planning Unit. (2010). Ringkasan Eksekutif Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh 2011-2015. Putrajaya: Jabatan Perdana Menteri.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosinvenge, J. H. & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind health adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12, 65-76.
Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M. (2005) Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(1), 29-42.
Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S. & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: a building block of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97-111.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C, (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hariyaty, A. W. (2014). Keusahawanan sosial, daya tahan dan daya saing pelajar Institusi Pengajian Tinggi di Malaysia. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Malaysia.
Hariyaty, A. W., Norasmah, O. & Mazura, M. (2011a). Meningkatkan daya tahan modal insan: Pendekatan keusahawanan sosial. Proceedings of the International Management Conference 2011, Taman Tamadun Islam Kuala Terengganu. 16-17 April 2011.
Hariyaty, A. W., Norasmah, O., Mazura, M. & Norfadhilah, N. (2011b). Social Entrepreneurship personality traits among students in higher education institutions (HEIs), Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on World-Class Education 2011, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, December 5-6.
Hariyaty, A. W., Suraini, M. R., Norasmah, O. & Norsamsinar, S. (2015). Proceedings of the Global International Marketing Conference 2015. Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Henderson, N. & Milstein, M. M. (2003). Resiliency in schools : Making it happen for students and educators. California: Corwin Press, Inc.
Litzky, B. E., Godshalk, V. M. & Walton-Bongers, C. (2010). Social entrepreneurship and community leadership: A service-learning model for management education. Journal of Management Education, 34 (1), 142-162.
Lucia, A. D., & Lepsinger, R. (1990). The art and science of competency models- pinpointing critical success factors in organizations. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mair, J. & Marti, I. (2005). Social entrepreneurship research: a source of explanation, prediction and delight. Working Paper of IISE Business School-University of Navarra, Spain. Mac 2004.
Masten, A. S., Best, K. M. & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contribution from the study of children who overcome adversity. Developmental Psychology, 2, 425-444.
McConachie, J. & Simpson, J. (2003). Social entrepreneurship: an Australian university transform a regional community through diversity and innovation. Queensland Journal of Educational Research, 19 (2), 100-118.
Ministry of Higher Education. (2009). Tracer study of graduate in Malaysia. Putrajaya: Ministry of Higher Education Statistic Department.
Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia. (2011). Graduates Tracer’s Study. Putrajaya: MOHE.
Mohd. Fadzilah, K. (2005). Perubahan bersepadu menjana mahasiswa cemerlang. In Abdul Razaq Ahmad (Eds). Mahasiswa abad 21. UKM Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2005.
Morse, R. & Dudley. L. (2002). Civic entrepreneurs and collaborative leadership. PA Times. August 3.
Munirah, A. H. (2013). Entrepreneurship education: The implementation in Year 1 primary school curriculum in Malaysia: A case study of one district in East Peninsular Malaysia. Doctoral Thesis. The University of York.
Murphy, P.J. & Coombes, S, M. (2003). A model of social entrepreneurial discovery. Journal of Business Ethics, 325–336.
Mustaf,a D. (2009). Pembangunan modal insan misi 2057: Berteraskan Islam dan konvensional. Kuala Lumpur : Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Nicholls, A. & Cho, A. H. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: The structuration of a field. In Nicholls, A. (2008) Social entrepreneurship: new models of sustainable social change (Eds.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Nicholls, A. (2010). The functions of performance measurement in social entrepreneurship: control, planning and accountability. In Hockerts, K. Mair, J. & Robinson, J. Values and Opportunities in Social Entrepreneurship (Eds.), pg. 241-272. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Norasmah, O., Hariyaty, A. W. & Haliza, H. (2012). Resilience and competitiveness among Students in the Free Enterprise (SIFE) program. International Business Management, 6(6):652-659.
Norashidah, H. (2009). Kesediaan keusahawanan pelajar dan persekitaran dalaman Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam Malaysia dalam melaksanakan pendidikan keusahawanan. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Malaysia.
Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein. I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory. (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tracey, P. & Phillips, N. (2006). The distinctive challenge of educating social entrepreneurs: A postscript and rejoinder to the special issue on entrepreneurship education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 6 (2), 264-271.
Rahmah, I., Nor Aini, I., Mohd Nasir, M. S. & Norasiah, S. (2003). Daya saing usahawan Melayu dalam arus globalisasi. Proceeding of The National Conference of Arus Perdana II. Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA), UKM: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. pg 113-150.
Richardson, G.E. (2002). Metatheory of resilience and resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307- 321.
Rohaida, A. H. & Hariyaty, A. W. (2015). Penglibatan pelajar dalam komuniti menerusi keusahawanan sosial: ke arah memperkasakan modal insan. Proceedings of The International Conference on Islamic Eduation and Social Entrepreneurship 2015. 12-14 Oktober 2015. Resorts World Langkawi, Tanjung Malai, Langkawi, Malaysia.
Rohaila, Y. (2007) Keberkesanan strategi pembelajaran pengalaman berasaskan model KOLB terhadap pembangunan kompetensi pelajar perakaunan di IPTA. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - Malaysia.
Rutter, M. (2000). Resilience reconsidered: conceptual consideration, empirical findings, and policy impliction. In Shonkoff, J. P & Meisels, S. J. (Eds). Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention. Second Edition. 617-658. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Rutter, M. (2007). Resilience, competence, and coping. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(3), 205-209.
Verma, A. (2009). Social entrepreneurship management- A new look at the people and the potential. New Delhi: Global India Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Wagnild, G. M. (2009). The Resilience Scale User’s Guide. Vers. 3.08. USA : Resilience Center.
Wahid, H. A., Rhouse, uraini M., Mustaffa, an S. W., & Rahman, R. A. (2016). Social Entrepreneurship and Resilience among Public University Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(12), 161-172.
Copyright: © 2016 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
