The objective of this paper is to identify the dimension of Entrepreneurship Practices (EP) and Business Performance (BP) for women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. It is also to develop a conceptual framework and hypothesis for the relationship of EP and BP among women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The population of this study is Malaysian women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneur in Malaysia are chosen because of their potential role in business dan economy development. In future research, questionnaires will be distributed to respondents from the listing of women entrepreneur association in Malaysia. To analyze the data, the statistical packages for the social science (SPSS) version 21 will be used to analyze preliminary data (reliability test, mean, standard deviation and frequencies). To build and test research model, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique will be used. The dimension of EP and BP are identified and a conceptual framework has been proposed. This framework will be used to study the relationship of EP and BP among women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Based on the proposed conceptual framework, the hypothesis is developed and future research is also included. The dimension and relationship of EP and BP hope to contribute to women entrepreneurship literature and research model as a benchmark for use to suit the goals of the organization, culture and business environment.
Aidis, R., & Van Praag, M. (2013). Illegal entrepreneurship experience: Does it make a difference for business performance and motivation. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 283-310.
Arasti, Z., Zandi, F., & Bahmani, N. (2014). Business failure factors in Iranian SMEs: Do successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs have different viewpoints. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 1-14.
Ates, A., Garengo, P., Cocca, P., & Bititci, U. (2013). The development of SME managerial practice for effective performance management. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(1), 28-54.
Awang, A., Khalid, S.A., Yusof, A.A., Kassim, K.M., Ismail, M., Zain, R.S., & Madar, A.R.S. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance relations of Malaysian bumiputera SMEs: the impact of some perceived environmental factors. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9), 84–96.
Azmin, M. N.N, Hamid, A. H.A., & Chong, C. W (2011). Factors affecting profitability of women entrepreneurs business in Malaysia, in Annual Summit on Business and Entrepreneurial Studies (ASBES 2011) Proceeding, Conference Master Resources, 972–985.
Benhabib, A., Merabet, A., Benachenhou, M., Grari, Y., Boudia, F., & Merabet, H. (2014). Environmental and individual determinants of female entrepreneurship in Algeria: applying the structural equation modeling. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 2(1), 65–80.
Callaghan. C., & Venter. R (2011). An investigation of the entrepreneurial orientation, context and entrepreneurial performance of inner-city Johannesburg street traders. Southern African Business Review, 15(1), 28-48.
De Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2007). Advancing a framework for coherent research on women's entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(3), 323-339.
Del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes, M., Bojica, A. M., & Ruiz-Arroyo, M. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge acquisition: effects on performance in the specific context of women-owned firms. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(3), 695-717.
Dess, G.G., & Robinson, R.B. (1984). Measuring organization performance in the absence of objective measure, the case of the privately held firms and conglomerate business units. Strategic management Journal, 5 (3), 165-173.
Dharmaratne, K.L.B.G. (2012). Impact of individual factors on the business performance of women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. Sabaragamuwa University Journal, 11 (1), 139–165.
Dvir, D., Sadeh, A., & Malach-Pines, A. (2010). The fit between entrepreneurs' personalities and the profile of the ventures they manage and business success: An exploratory study. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 21 (1), 43-51.
Elert, N., Andersson, F.W., & Wennberg, K (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education in high school on long-term entrepreneurial performance. Journal of Economic Behaviour & Organization, 111, 209-223.
European Institute for Gender Equality, European Union. (2014). Good practices in the area of women’s entrepreneurship — Report from consultation meeting, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Fielden, S., & Davidson, M. (2005), International handbook of Women and Small Business Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing limited, Northampton, Massachusetts.
Franco-Santos, M., Lucianetti, L., & Bourne, M. (2012). Contemporary performance measurement systems: a review of their consequences and a framework for research. Management Accounting Research, 23(2), 79-119.
Garrett, Jr. R. P, & Holland, D. V. (2015), Environmental effects on the cognitions of corporate and independent entrepreneurs. Small Business Economics, 45, 369-381.
Gelderen, M. V. (2010), Autonomy as the guiding aim of entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 52 ( 8/9), 710-721.
Gray, C. (2002), Entrepreneurship, resistance to change and growth in small firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9 (1), 61-72.
Habidin, N.F. (2012). Structural Analysis and Tool for Lean Six Sigma, Strategic Control Systems and Organizational Performance. Thesis of Engineering Doctorate (Engineering Business Management), UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, University Teknologi Malaysia.
Habidin, N. F., Salleh, M. I., Latip, N. A. M., Azman, M. N. A., & Fuzi, N. M. (2016). Lean six sigma performance improvement tool for automotive suppliers. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 33(4), 215-235.
Hassan, T. M. R. T., Yaacob, M. R., & Abdullatiff, N. K. (2014). Sustaining SMEs Wood-based Product Manufacturing through Best Practices–The Case of Indigenous Entrepreneurs in Kelantan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 221-234.
Hassim, A. A., Rahim, A., & Bakar, A. (2011). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation on firm organizational innovation and market orientation towards firm business performance, in 2011 International Conference on Sociality and Economics Development, Singapore, 2011, IACSIT Press 10, 280–284.
Henry, C., Foss, L., & Ahl, H. (2013). Parallel lines? A thirty-year review of methodological approaches in gender and entrepreneurship research. ISBE Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Cardiff, UK.
Hmieleski, K. M., & Carr, J. C. (2008), The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and new venture performance. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 28 (4), 1-15.
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R.F., & Knight, G.A. (2004). Innovativeness: its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 33 (5), 429-438.
Ibrahim, R., & Primiana, I. (2015). Influence Business Environment on The Organization Performance. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4 (4), 283-293.
Indris, S., & Primiana, I. (2015). Internal and External Environment Analysis On The Performance Of Small And Medium Industries (Smes) In Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(4), 188-196.
Jennings, J. E., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs?: challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature?. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1) 663–715.
Kelley, D. J., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Litovsky, Y. (2012). Global entrepreneurship monitor, 2012 report: Women entrepreneurs worldwide. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA), London.
Khan, E. A., & Quaddus, M. (2015). Examining the influence of business environment on socio-economic performance of informal microenterprises: Content analysis and partial least square approach. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 35( 3/4), 273-288.
Klapper, L. F., & Parker, S. C. (2011). Gender and the business environment for new firm creation. The World Bank Research Observer, 26 (2) 237-257.
Kuratko, D. F. (2011). Entrepreneurship theory, process, and practice in the 21st century. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(1), 8-17.
Liu, S.S., Luo, X.M., & Shi, Y.Z. (2002). Integrating customer orientation, corporate entrepreneurship and learning orientation in organization-in-transition: an empirical study. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19 (4), 367-382.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135?172.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance?: the moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (5), 429–451.
Mahmmod, R., & Hanafi, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises in Malaysia?: competitive advantage as a mediator, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1), 82–90.
Manzoor, Raheel, S., & Jalil, M. F. (2014). Psychological capital intervention towards women entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial orientation. International Journal of Business Management and Administration, 3, 22–28.
Moers, F. (2000). Financial and Non-financial performance measures and managerial short-term orientation: the interactive effect of performance targets (No. MARC-WP/3/2000-15), MARC Working Paper. Maastricht.
Nabhani, I., Daryanto, A., Yassin, M., Rifin, A. (2015). M-Commerce adoption and performance improvement: proposing a conceptual framework. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,.3 (4), 1-9.
Neneh, N. B., & Zyl, J. H. Van. (2012). Achieving optimal business performance through business practices?: evidence from SMEs in selected areas in South Africa. Southern African Business Review, 16 (3), 118–144.
Nieva, F. O. (2015), Social women entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”, Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 1-33.
Ong, J.W., & Ismail, H. (2013). Personality traits and firm performance: the mediating effect of competitive advantage. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 19(3), 362-378.
Ong, S.Y.Y, Habidin, N.F, Salleh, M.I., & Fuzi, N.M. (2015). The relationship of WEP towards ICT Adoption”, International Journal of Innovative Research and Creative Technology, 1 (1), 88-91.
Pereira-Moliner, J., Font, X., Tarí, J. J., Molina-Azorin, J. F., Lopez-Gamero, M. D., & Pertusa-Ortega, E. M. (2015. The Holy Grail: environmental management, competitive advantage and business performance in the Spanish hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(5), 714-738.
Rajkumar, S., & Prasannakumar, S. (2014). Several of Key Factors influencing Women Entrepreneurs in Chennai-an empirical study. Asia Pacific Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 3 (2), 33.
Ramadani, V., Gërguri, S., Dana, L. P., & Tašaminova, T. (2013). Women entrepreneurs in the Republic of Macedonia: waiting for direction. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 19(1), 95-121.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G.T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of Past Research and Suggestions for the Future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 761–787.
Samwel Mwasalwiba, E. (2010). Entrepreneurship education: a review of its objectives, teaching methods, and impact indicators. Education+ Training, 52(1), 20-47.
Santoso, E. (2011). Intellectual capital in Indonesia: The influence on financial performance of banking industry (Published Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix).
Sarwoko, E., Surachman, Armanu, & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2013), Entrepreneurial characteristics and competency as determinants of business performance in SMEs. Journal of Business and Management, 7 (3), 31–38.
Sauaia, C. A. A. (2001). Evaluation of performance in business games?: financial and non financial approaches. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 28, 210–214.
Schiff, Andrew, D., & Bento, R. (2000). The use of financial and nonfinancial information for evaluating performance: An attribution perspective. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 6(4), 47–62.
Sidik, I. G. (2012). Conceptual framework of factors affecting SME development: mediating factors on the relationship of entrepreneur traits and SME performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4(Icsmed), 373–383.
SME Corporation Malaysia (2014). Developing competitive women-owned SMEs through coordinated programmes. Retrieve from http://www.micci.com/cacci2014/presentations/1-hafsah.pdf. (Accessed 15 Nov 2015).
Soriano, D. R., & Castrogiovanni, G. J. (2012). The impact of education, experience and inner circle advisors on SME performance: insights from a study of public development centers. Small Business Economics, 38(3), 333-349.
Teoh, W. M.Y., & Chong, S. C. (2007). Theorizing a framework of factors influencing performance of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and sustainability, 3(2).
Tewari, V., & Malhotra, S.B. (2014). Outlook of women entrepreneurs running small business: How skill as a major factor affecting performance and growth of women entrepreneurs in India. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 2(12), 251-260.
Toft-Kehler, R., Wennberg, K., & Kim, P. H. (2014). Practice makes perfect: Entrepreneurial-experience curves and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(4), 453-470.
Veen-Dirks, P. V. (2010). The use of performance measures: the evaluation versus reward of production managers. Accounting, Organization and Society, 35(2), 141-164.
Welsh, D. H., Memili, E., Kaciak, E., & Al Sadoon, A. (2014). Saudi women entrepreneurs: A growing economic segment. Journal of Business Research, 67 (5), 758-762.
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurationally approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 71–91.
Williams, P., & Naumann, E. (2011). Customer satisfaction and business performance: a firm-level analysis. Journal of services marketing, 25 (1), 20-32.
Wube, M. C. (2010). Factors affecting the performance of women entrepreneurs in micro and small enterprises, Bahir Dar University.
Xavier, S. R., Ahmad, S. Z., Nor, L. M., & Yusof, M. (2012). Women entrepreneurs: Making a change from employment to small and medium business ownership. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 321-334.
Yelle, L. E. (1979). The learning curve: Historical review and comprehensive survey. Decision Sciences, 10 (2), 302-328.
Zainuddin, A. (2014). A Handbook on SEM For Academicians and Pratitioners: The step by step Practical Guide for the beginners. MPWS Rich Publication: Bangi, Selangor.
Ong, S. Y. Y., Habidin, N. F., Salleh, M. I., & Fuzi, N. M. (2016). Relationship of Entrepreneurship Practice and Business Performance of Women Entrepreneur in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11), 80-93.
Copyright: © 2016 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode