The fatwa issuance methodology is central to the validity and acceptance of a fatwa among Muslims. In Malaysia, the fatwa institution, managed by the respective Mufti Department in each state, plays an important role in issuing fatwa on various aspects of Islamic religious life, including prayer. However, the methodological aspects pertaining to the prayer-related fatwa issuing process are rarely studied critically and in depth. This study aimed to critically analyse the methodology for issuing prayer-related fatwa in Malaysia by examining reference sources, legal deduction (istinbat hukm) methods, fatwa deliberation process, and the level of consistency in fatwa decisions between states. This qualitative study used the document analysis method involving primary and secondary reference sources concerning prayer-related fatwa issued by respective State Mufti Departments throughout Malaysia. The findings indicate that the methodology for issuing prayer-related fatwa in Malaysia generally follows the comparative jurisprudence (fiqh muqaran) method, with the Shafi'i school as the basis, but with flexibility in considering other schools’ (madhhabs’) thoughts when needed. Findings also indicated methodological gaps, including inconsistencies in the application of fiqh rules and differences in fatwa decisions between states on the same issue. This study recommends improvements to the methodological framework of prayer-related fatwa in Malaysia to achieve higher levels of consistency and credibility.
Ab Rauf, Y. (2024). Penentuan Kadar Dua Marhalah, Qaryah dan Balad dari Perspektif Fiqh Semasa. Jabatan Mufti Negeri Melaka. https://mufti.pahang.gov.my/fatwa/2022/fatwa-menentukan-kadar-dua-marhalah-qaryah-dan-balad-dari-perspektif-fiqh-semasa
Zaidan, A. K. (2014). Al-Wajiz fi Usul al-Fiqh. Mu'asasah al-Risalah.Ahair, N. F. M., Kusrin, Z. M., & Alias, M. N. (2020). Preservation Of Islam (Hifz Al-Din) In Federal Constitution Of Malaysia: Pemeliharaan Agama Islam (Hifz Al-Din) Dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 20(1), 10-20.
Ahmad Hidayat, B. (2002). Analisis Fatwa-fatwa Semasa Syariah di Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah, 10(1), 39–52.
Asmadi, M. N. (2024). Fatwa Menentukan Kadar Dua Marhalah Qaryah dan Balad dari Perspektif Fiqh Semasa. Jabatan Mufti Negeri Pahang. https://mufti.pahang.gov.my/fatwa/2022/fatwa-menentukan-kadar-dua-marhalah-qaryah-dan-balad-dari-perspektif-fiqh-semasa
Asni, F., Sulong, J., & Ismail, A. (2021). Analysis of the use of daif hadith in the fatwa on Islamic inheritance law (Faraid) in Malaysia. Islamiyyat, 43(2), 17-26.
Basri, bin I., Asyraf, bin I., Abu Hasan Asyaari, bin S., & Ahmad Faidhi, bin M. Z. (2022). Parameter Pelaksanaan Rukhsah Solat bagi Petugas Kritikal Menurut Fiqh Al-Awlawiyat. Jamalullail Journal, 1(1), 97–129.
Bungsu @ Aziz, bin H. J. (2017). Fatwa Hukum Solat Jumaat Yang Kurang Jemaahnya 40 Orang. Laman Web Rasmi Pejabat Mufti Negeri Sabah. https://mufti.sabah.gov.my/images/laman-utama/perkhidmatan-asas/e-fatwa/keputusan_mfns/Fatwa_Hukum_Solat_Jumaat_Yang_Kurang_Jemaahnya_40_orang.pdf
Hanan, A. S., & Nurul Ilyana, M. A. (2020). Ta'lil jamak solat mengikut pandangan empat mazhab. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 17(1), 16–28.
Hanan, A. S., & Nurul Ilyana, M. A. (2020). Ta?lil Jamak Solat Mengikut Pandangan Empat Mazhab. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 17(1), 16–28.
Hassan, W. Z. W. (2014). Pengaruh Mazhab Shafi'i dalam fatwa zakat di Terengganu: The influence of the Shafi'i school of law in legal opinion of tithe in Terengganu. Islamiyyat, 36(2), 67–79.
Ansori, I. (2017). Kedudukan Fatwa di Beberapa Negara Muslim (Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam dan Mesir). Analisis, 17(1), 137–166.
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia. (2015). Kompilasi Pandangan Hukum Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia. Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia Bahagian Pengurusan Fatwa.
Kertas Cadangan Kebenaran Mendirikan Solat Jumaat Diperkampungan Orang Asli Dengan Bilangan 12 Orang. (2025). Jabatan Mufti Negeri Pahang. https://mufti.pahang.gov.my/fatwa/2025/kertas-cadangan-kebenaran-mendirikan-solat-jumaat-diperkampungan-orang-asli-dengan-bilangan-12-orang
Kusrin, Z. M., Roseliza-Murni, A., Nasohah, Z., & Dahalan, Z. (2022). Keperluan Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) Tangkapan dan Tahanan Individu Autisme untuk Pegawai Penguatkuasa Agama. Islamiyyat, 44(2), 97-111.
Mazri, M., Rashid, Z. A. N., Man, S. A., & Pauzi, N. (2024). Aplikasi Kaedah Al-Mashaqqah Tajlib Al-Taysir Dalam Pengurusan Ibadah Pesakit Skizoafektif: The Application Of Al-Mashaqqah Tajlib Al-Taysir Method In Worship Management Of Schizoaffective Patients. al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 33(5), 1-12.
Mohammad Khairul Anuar, A., Ahmad Irda, M., & Mohd Al Adib, S. (2023). Implementasi Kaedah Fiqh Berelemenkan Darurat dalam Perubatan: Analisis Fatwa Terpilih Jabatan Mufti Negeri Selangor. Journal of Islam in Asia, 2(1), 216–240.
Mohd Hapiz, M., Azri, B., & Mohd Dasuqkhi, M. S. (2021). Analisis Keputusan Fatwa Tempatan Sewaktu Pandemik Covid-19 Menurut Kerangka Al-Tarakhkus Fi Al-Fatwa. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 26(2), 111–130.
Mohd Hapiz, M., Azri, B., & Mohd Dasuqkhi, M. S. (2021). Analisis keputusan fatwa tempatan sewaktu pandemik Covid-19 menurut kerangka al-tarakhkus fi al-fatwa. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 26(2), 111–130.
Mohd Kamel, M. S., Mohd Al Adib, S., & Mohd Izhar Ariff, M. K. (2017). Konflik di Antara Fatwa dan Keputusan Panel Penasihat Syariah dalam Kes Muamalat di Mahkamah Malaysia. Islamiyyat, 39(2), 113–124.
Muhammad Faisal, A., Rosmawati, M. R., Zainab, I., & Mohammad Ismath, R. (2020). Wacana Islam di Facebook Jabatan-Jabatan Mufti Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 17, 66–77.
Muhammad Fathullah Al Haq Muhamad Asni, & Jasni Sulong. (2017). Penyelarasan fatwa antara negeri-negeri: Analisis amalan dan kaedah penyeragamannya di Malaysia. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 9(1), 1–25.
Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele, Luqman Haji Abdullah, Paizah Haji Ismail, & Mohd Anuar Ramli. (2013). Konflik fatwa di Malaysia: Satu kajian awal. Jurnal Fiqh, 10, 31–56.
Muhammad Ikhlas, R., Luqman, H. A., Paizah, H. I., & Mohd Anuar, R. (2013). Konflik Fatwa di Malaysia: Satu Kajian Awal. Jurnal Fiqh, 10, 31–56.
Nadzirah. (2015). Hukum Solat Jumaat Jika Hari Raya Aidil Fitri Berlaku Pada Hari Jumaat. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. https://www.muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/bayan-linnas/1812-hukum-solat-jumaat-jika-hari-raya-idil-fitri-berlaku-pada-hari-jumaat
Naimah, M. N. (2024). Irsyad Hukum Siri Ke-867: Solat Jamak Ketika Hendak Bersalin. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. https://www.muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/irsyad-hukum/umum/5984-irsyad-hukum-siri-ke-867-solat-jamak-ketika-hendak-bersalin
Nasohah, Z. (2005). Undang-undang penguatkuasaan fatwa di Malaysia. Islamiyyat, 27(1), 25-44.
Al-Nawawi, A. Z. M. al-D. (1344). al-Majmu Syarah al-Muhazzab. Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Nawawi, A. Z. M. al-D. (1928). al-Majm?? Sharh al-Muhadzdzab. Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Nawawi, Y. (2003). al-Majmu? Sharh al-Muhadhdhab. Dar al-Fikr.
Omar, S. N. A. C., & Hussin, M. N. M. (2020). Pemakaian kaedah-kaedah fekah dalam institusi fatwa di Wilayah Persekutuan dari tahun 2010-2014: The application of legal maxims in fatwa institutions in Federal Territory from 2010-2014. Online Journal of Research in Islamic Studies, 7(2), 55-85.
Penentuan Kadar Dua Marhalah Bagi Para Musafir Untuk Menunaikan Ibadah Solat Jamak Dan Qasar. (2022). Jabatan Mufti Johor. https://said.johor.gov.my/perkhidmatan/paparan_detail_fatwa.php?id=685
Raihan, A. A., & Zakaria, R. M. A. (2024). Analisis Kaedah Dan Displin Istinbat Fatwa Muamalat Dan Ekonomi Negeri Sembilan: Analysis Of The Methods And Disciplines Of Negeri Sembilan Istinbat Fatwa In Muamalat And Economy. Asian Journal Of Environment, History And Heritage, 8(2).
Al-Raysuni, A. (2013). Nazariyyat al-Maqasid 'ind al-Imam al-Syatibi. al-Dar al-'Alamiyyah lil-Kitab al-Islami.
Rosidi, M. H. (2021). Penerimaan fatwa dalam kalangan masyarakat muslim Malaysia: satu tinjauan literatur: acceptance of fatwa among Malaysian muslim society: a literature review. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 24(1), 45-62.
Setyawan, B. (2025). Kristalisasi Fatwa DSN-MUI Bidang Perbankan Syari’ah (Telaah Sumber Fatwa dan Metodologi) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Indonesia).
Al-Suyuti, J. al-D. (1985). Al-Ashbah wa al-Nazair fi an-Nahwi. Mu’asasah al-Risalah.
Umar Mukhtar, M. N. (2017). Hukum Doktor Bedah Menjamakkan Solat Kerana Pembedahan. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. https://www.muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/irsyad-hukum/umum/654-irsyad-al-fatwa-siri-ke-207-hukum-doktor-bedah-menjamakkan-solat-kerana-pembedahan
Umar Mukhtar, M. N. (2019a). Hukum Solat Jamak Qasar Semasa Musafir Tanpa Bermalam. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. https://muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/al-kafi-li-al-fatawi/3241-al-kafi-1177-hukum-solat-jamak-qasar-semasa-musafir-tanpa-bermalam
Wan Mohd Yusuf, W. A. (2016). Prosedur Pengeluaran Fatwa di Malaysia: Kajian Perbandingan antara Negeri. Jurnal Syariah, 24(3), 451–482.
Yahya, M. M., & Mokhtar, A. W. (2018). Penyelarasan Fatwa di Antara Negeri Dengan Persekutuan: Satu Analisis Sorotan Terhadap Penyelidikannya di Malaysia: Coordination Of Fatwas Between State Fatwa Council Committee And National Fatwa Council On Islamic Affairs: A Case Study In Malaysia. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 11(1), 59-76.
Yusuf al-Qardawi. (n.d.). Fatawa Mu?asirah. Maktabah Wahbah.
Zamri, bin H. (2022). Penentuan Kadar Dua Marhalah, Qaryah Dan Balad Dari Perspektif Fiqh Semasa. Laman Web Rasmi Jabatan Mufti Negeri Perak. https://mufti.perak.gov.my/images/perkhidmatan/koleksi_umum/warta_kerajaan/irsyad/2022/8marhalah.pdf
Mat zain, m. N. (2017). Maqasid Pengharaman Pembiayaan Peribadi Berlandaskan Bay'al-'Inah di Malaysia. Isl?miyy?t: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 39(2).
Samsudin, M. A., Yahaya, M. Z., Ghani, N. A. R. N. A., Omar, A. F., Ismail, A. M., Salma, Adam, K., Samsudin, I., & Fadzilah, M. A. (2026). Critical Analysis of Fatwa Issuance Methodology Regarding Prayer-Related Issues in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 16(10), 154–169.
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Published by Knowledge Words Publications (www.kwpublications.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
